Gene-gene interaction of μ-opioid receptor and GluR5 kainate receptor subunit is associated with smoking behavior in a Greek population: presence of a dose allele effect

Abstract

Smoking phenotype is a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, we have shown that gene-gene interaction of components of different systems associated with nicotine reinforcing effects, such as OPRM1 and GRIK1, rather than one gene polymorphism, is associated with smoking behavior.