Gene Mapping and Gene-Set Analysis for Milk Fever Incidence in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Pacheco, Hendyel Aparecida; Silva, Simone da; Sigdel, Anil; Mak, Chun Kuen; Galvão, Klibs N.; Texeira, Rodrigo A.; Dias, Laila Talarico; Peñagaricano, Francisco

doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00465

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Of bovine 25-hydroxylases, thus far only CYP2J2 and CYP27A1 have been associated with measurable contributions to calcium homeostasis. Such findings suggest that although other 25-hydroxylases may significantly produce 25-(OH)D 3 , at a minimum CYP2J2 and CYP27A1 play a role in vitamin D metabolism important enough to influence clinical disease (Casas et al, 2013;Pacheco et al, 2018). In other species, CYP2R1 appears to be the primary 25-hydroxylase, and in cattle, gene expression of CYP2R1 in mammary epithelial cells stimulated with cholecalciferol certainly increases in a dose-dependent manner, as would be expected with substrate supplementation (Téllez-Pérez et al, 2012;Christakos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Vitamin D Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Given that hypocalcemia is implicated as a contributing factor to several periparturient cow disorders, the importance of 25-hydroxylases goes beyond milk fever alone (Rodríguez et al, 2017). The relatively high expression of CYP27A1 compared with other 25-hydroxylases bolsters the proposition by Pacheco et al (2018) that it is indeed one of the primary drivers of 25-(OH)D 3 production in cattle.…”

Section: Vitamin D Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several CYP450 have been identified as 25-hydroxylases in other species, no studies have conclusively identified the relative contribution of each of these enzymes to the overall production of 25-(OH)D 3 in cattle. It has been shown, however, that polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and CYP27A1 lead to reduced serum 25-(OH)D 3 and ultimately are associated with incidence of milk fever (Casas et al, 2013;Pacheco et al, 2018). Although these studies do not provide direct evidence of activ- Information regarding the creation of custom TaqMan primer and probe sets can be found in Table 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread basal cytochrome P450 expression in extrahepatic bovine tissues and isolated cells

Kühn

Putman

Sordillo

2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Periparturient cattle face increased risk of both metabolic and infectious diseases. Factors contributing to this predisposition include oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, also known as oxylipids, whose production is altered during the periparturient period and in diseased cattle. Alterations in the production of oxylipids derived from cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are over-represented during times of increased disease risk and clinical disease, such as mastitis. Many of these same CYP450 enzymes additionally regulate metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D, and E. These vitamins are essential to maintaining immune health, yet circulating concentrations are diminished near calving. Despite this, a relatively small amount of research has focused on the roles of CYP450 enzymes outside of the liver. The aim of this paper is to describe the relative gene expression of 11 CYP450 in bovine tissues and common in vitro bovine cell models. Eight tissue samples were collected from 3 healthy dairy cows after euthanasia. In vitro samples included primary bovine aortic and mammary endothelial cells and immortalized bovine kidney and mammary epithelial cells. Quantitative real-time-PCR was carried out to assess basal transcript expression of CYP450 enzymes. Surprisingly, CYP450 mRNA was widely expressed in all tissue samples, with predominance in the liver. In vitro CYP450 expression was less robust, with several cell types lacking expression of specific CYP450 enzymes altogether. Overall, cell culture models did not reflect expression of tissue CYP450. However, when CYP450 were organized by activity, certain cell types consistently expressed specific functional groups. These data reveal the widespread expression of CYP450 in individual organs of healthy dairy cows. Widespread expression helps to explain previous evidence of significant changes in CYP450-mediated oxylipid production and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism in organ microenvi-ronments during periods of oxidative stress or disease. As such, these data provide a foundation for targeted functional experiments aimed at understanding the activities of specific CYP450 and associated therapeutic potential during times of increased disease risk.

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Section: Vitamin D Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Vitamin D Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread basal cytochrome P450 expression in extrahepatic bovine tissues and isolated cells

Kühn

Putman

Sordillo

2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Milk fat global is the most important part of the milk and some milk fat globules secreted from the cytoplasm [56]. The enriched binding term in milk refers to binding some mineral and enzyme activity in the milk [57,58]. Results of GO analysis confirmed the functional role of the DEGs on milk production.…”

Section: Attribute Weighting Algorithms and Ranking Of Degsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Transcriptome signature of the lactation process in a fat-tailed sheep identifies with integrative approach of RNA-Seq and Supervised Machine Learning models

Farhadian

Rafat

Panahi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The mammary gland is a vital organ in mammalian that undergoes a substantial physiological transformation during the lactation process. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of the lactation process in the mammary gland is essential to unravel of the complexity of milk production process. This study was investigated the transcriptome profiles of milk between two time point of lactation (day 20 as before peak time point (BF) and day 70 as after peak(AF)) in Iranian fat-tailed Ghezel sheep breed. Functional impacts of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two time points of the lactation were surveyed with Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Moreover, to identify the transcriptome signature of the lactation process, supervised machine learning algorithms were integrated. Results Totally, 75 genes were defined as DEGs between BF and AF of lactation. Gene ontology of DEGs mainly enriched in metabolic process and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, PPI networks analysis highlighted the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling in the lactation process, oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways. These pathways mainly involved in the quality of dairy products and energy generation for milk production. Dissection of DEGs also indicated that the genes encoding for caseins, whey proteins, and enzymes lactose synthesis are dominantly up-regulated after the lactation peak. More interestingly, the genes involved in fat metabolism dominantly down-regulated after the lactation peak. Contribution of nineteen DEGs such as HNRNPA2, CHCHD2, COX1, COX2, GTF3C3, and MRPL11 has verified with more than seven attribute ranking algorithms, which are being proposed as a signature of the lactation process in Ghezel sheep. Conclusions The results of this study highlighted the energy generation, development of immunity, and activation of the immune system in lactation process. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the underlying mechanism of Ghezel sheep before and after the lactation peak and provides new insight regarding the transcriptional responses for the lactation process.

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“…In other species, vitamin D status and plasma Ca have been shown to be related to polymorphisms in genes coding for receptors, enzymes, and transport proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism and mineral homeostasis (Laaksonen et al, 2009;Jolliffe et al, 2016). In dairy cows, several SNP associated with genes involved in vitamin D signaling have already been identified to be associated with hypocalcemia (Deiner et al, 2012;Pacheco et al, 2018).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symposium review: Transition cow calcium homeostasis—Health effects of hypocalcemia and strategies for prevention

Wilkens

Nelson

Hernández

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The effects of subclinical hypocalcemia have been explored in numerous observational and mechanistic studies in recent years. Besides obvious, well-known effects on muscle contractility, the role of Ca with respect to immune function and intermediary metabolism explains the contribution of subclinical hypocalcemia to the development of several diseases observed in early lactation and underlines its importance in highperforming dairy cows. The present review aims at integrating recent scientific progress, such as discoveries about the role of the mammary gland in regulating bone mobilization, into generally accepted aspects of the endocrine control of Ca homeostasis. We will discuss Ca transport mechanisms through absorption, resorption, secretion, and mobilization, as well as the physiological regulation of Ca through parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, and serotonin, in addition to dietary mineral requirements. To improve hypocalcemia prevention strategies, our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms necessary to maintain normocalcemia and their endogenous regulation should be combined with data derived from herd-level studies. Using such studies, we will discuss prepartum nutritional strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia, as well as options for postpartum Ca supplementation and their effects on early-lactation health and production. Especially in respect to approaches that might interfere with endogenous adaptation processes, such as supple-mentation with vitamin D metabolites or large doses of Ca, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms that might induce unwanted hypocalcemia rebound effects will be crucial to ameliorate our future management of transition cows. Continued efforts by researchers to understand the interaction of Ca homeostasis with prevention strategies is necessary to optimize cow health and support copious milk production.

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Gene Mapping and Gene-Set Analysis for Milk Fever Incidence in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Widespread basal cytochrome P450 expression in extrahepatic bovine tissues and isolated cells

Widespread basal cytochrome P450 expression in extrahepatic bovine tissues and isolated cells

Transcriptome signature of the lactation process in a fat-tailed sheep identifies with integrative approach of RNA-Seq and Supervised Machine Learning models

Symposium review: Transition cow calcium homeostasis—Health effects of hypocalcemia and strategies for prevention

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