Gene regulation of lipid and phospholipid metabolism in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Li, Keshuai; Östensen, Mari‐Ann; Attramadal, Kari J.K.; Winge, Per; Sparstad, Torfinn; Bones, Atle M.; Vadstein, Ôlav; Ôlsen, Yngvar

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.006

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…5). An up-regulation in pparγ expression was also observed in rotifer-fed ABT in a previous trial (Betancor et al, 2016) and this was apparently associated with dietary PC content, which was in agreement with results found in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) where pparγ expression in liver was significantly affected by dietary phospholipid supplementation (Li et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular aspects of lipid metabolism, digestibility and antioxidant status of Atlantic bluefin tuna (T. thynnus L.) larvae during first feeding

et al. 2017

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Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.; ABT) larvae were fed on enriched rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis and copepod nauplii Acartia tonsa from first feeding to 15 days post hatching. Rotifers were enriched with five different commercial products: OG, MG, AG and RA plus selenium and vitamin E. Copepods (COP) were cultured with the algae Rhodomonas baltica. Metabolic processes were studied by determining the expression of 30 genes related to lipid metabolism (transcription factors, fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis), antioxidant enzymes, myogenesis and digestive enzymes. Growth and development parameters and high expression of myogenesis genes myhc2 and tropo indicated that COP were better than enriched rotifers as live prey for first feeding ABT. COP and AG-fed larvae showed the lowest values for the transcription factors pparγ and srebp2. The expression of fas showed differences among treatments, with highest relative expression in COP-fed larvae and those fed with RA rotifers. In relation to fatty acid catabolism, larvae fed RA had the highest aco expression levels, with the lowest observed in those fed COP. The expression profiles of lipid homeostasis genes showed that larvae fed COP had higher fabp2 and 4 expressions. Larvae fed AG showed the lowest lpl expression levels, with highest values observed in larvae fed OG. Regarding antioxidant enzyme gene expression, sod showed highest values in larvae fed COP and RA, with larvae fed MG rotifers showing lowest expression levels. A similar pattern was observed for the expression of cat and gpx1 and 4. The expression of genes for digestive enzymes showed that tryp expression levels were highest in COPfed larvae but, in contrast, COP-fed larvae showed the lowest anpep and alp levels. ABT larvae fed AG displayed the lowest expression level of pla2. bal1 and bal2 presented similar expression patterns, with highest values in COP-fed ABT and lowest expression in larvae fed AG rotifers. Copepods were a superior live prey for first feeding ABT larvae compared to enriched rotifers, as indicated by the higher growth and flexion index achieved by COP-fed larvae, possibly reflecting the higher protein content of the copepods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular aspects of lipid metabolism, digestibility and antioxidant status of Atlantic bluefin tuna (T. thynnus L.) larvae during first feeding

et al. 2017

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“…The experimental setup for the two original sub-experiments is described below, and details concerning the experiments are given in Wold et al (2014) and Li et al (2015) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analyzed cod larvae and water samples originating from a first feeding experiment, consisting of two sub-experiments with distinct objectives: (1) Investigate the effect of membrane filtration on bacterial numbers and microbial diversity in a RAS ( Wold et al, 2014 ). (2) Investigate the effect of diet on the gene regulation of cod larvae in an FTS ( Li et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing Water Treatment Induces Microbial Selection Influencing the Microbiota and Pathogen Associated Transcripts of Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae

et al. 2018

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We have previously shown that K-selection and microbial stability in the rearing water increases survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae, and that recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are compatible with this. Here, we have assessed how water treatment influenced the larval microbiota and host responses at the gene expression level. Cod larvae were reared with two different rearing water systems: a RAS and a flow-through system (FTS). The water microbiota was examined using a 16S rDNA PCR/DGGE strategy. RNA extracted from larvae at 8, 13, and 17 days post hatching was used for microbiota and microarray gene expression analysis. Bacterial cDNA was synthesized and used for 16S rRNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of larval microbiota. Both water and larval microbiota differed significantly between the systems, and the larval microbiota appeared to become more dissimilar between systems with time. In total 4 phyla were identified for all larvae: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The most profound difference in larval microbiota was a high abundance of Arcobacter (Epsilonproteobacteria) in FTS larvae (34 ± 9% of total reads). Arcobacter includes several species that are known pathogens for humans and animals. Cod larval transcriptome responses were investigated using an oligonucleotide gene expression microarray covering approximately 24,000 genes. Interestingly, FTS larvae transcriptional profiles revealed an overrepresentation of upregulated transcripts associated with responses to pathogens and infections, such as c1ql3-like, pglyrp-2-like and zg16, compared to RAS larvae. In conclusion, distinct water treatment systems induced differences in the larval microbiota. FTS larvae showed up-regulation of transcripts associated with responses to microbial stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RAS promotes K-selection and microbial stability by maintaining a microbial load close to the carrying capacity of the system, and ensuring long retention times for both bacteria and water in the system.

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“…The regulation of lipid homeostasis in fish is a complex balance between lipid uptake, transport, storage, energy utilization, and biosynthesis with each process being controlled independently and also in conjunction with other processes (Leaver et al 2008 ; Tocher 2003 ). Recent studies investigating global gene expression using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have shown that dietary lipid content and composition have significant effects on gene expression in salmonids (Kolditz et al 2008 ; Panserat et al 2008 ; Higgs et al 2009 ; Martinez-Rubio et al 2013 ), flatfish (Cho et al 2009 , 2012 ; Cunha et al 2013 ; Peng et al 2014 ; Yuan et al 2015 ), and other marine species (Tsai et al 2008 ; Dong et al 2015 ; Li et al 2015 , 2016 ), as well as Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) (Agawa et al 2012 ). Thus, studying the impact of dietary lipid on lipid and FA metabolism, including effects on whole larvae lipid and FA compositions and the expression of genes of major lipid metabolic pathways including lipogenesis, lipid deposition, FA β-oxidation, and LC-PUFA synthesis in ABT, is highly relevant (Leaver et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid metabolism-related gene expression pattern of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) larvae fed on live prey

Betancor

Ortega

Gándara

et al. 2016

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The present study is the first to evaluate lipid metabolism in first-feeding Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT; Thunnus thynnus L.) larvae fed different live prey including enriched rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Acartia sp. copepod nauplii from 2 days after hatch. Understanding the molecular basis of lipid metabolism and regulation in ABT will provide insights to optimize diet formulations for this high-value species new to aquaculture. To this end, we investigated the effect of dietary lipid on whole larvae lipid class and fatty acid compositions and the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism in first feeding ABT larvae fed different live prey. Additionally, the expression of lipid metabolism genes in tissues of adult broodstock ABT was evaluated. Growth and survival data indicated that copepods were the best live prey for first feeding ABT and that differences in growth performance and lipid metabolism observed between larvae from different year classes could be a consequence of broodstock nutrition. In addition, expression patterns of lipid metabolic genes observed in ABT larvae in the trials could reflect differences in lipid class and fatty acid compositions of the live prey. The lipid nutritional requirements, including essential fatty acid requirements of larval ABT during the early feeding stages, are unknown, and the present study represents a first step in addressing these highly relevant issues. However, further studies are required to determine nutritional requirements and understand lipid metabolism during development of ABT larvae and to apply the knowledge to the commercial culture of this iconic species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10695-016-0305-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Gene regulation of lipid and phospholipid metabolism in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Molecular aspects of lipid metabolism, digestibility and antioxidant status of Atlantic bluefin tuna (T. thynnus L.) larvae during first feeding

Molecular aspects of lipid metabolism, digestibility and antioxidant status of Atlantic bluefin tuna (T. thynnus L.) larvae during first feeding

Rearing Water Treatment Induces Microbial Selection Influencing the Microbiota and Pathogen Associated Transcripts of Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae

Lipid metabolism-related gene expression pattern of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) larvae fed on live prey

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