Gene Structure of MurineGna11andGna15:Tandemly Duplicated Gq Class G Protein α Subunit Genes

Davignon, Isabelle; Barnard, Mary; Гаврилова, Оксана; Sweet, Kimberly; Wilkie, Thomas M.

doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0059

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Four independent Gna15 heterozygous ES cell clones were injected into blastocysts, and one chimera gave germ line transmission of the mutant allele. Southern blots and 32 P radiolabeling of probes were performed exactly as described elsewhere (13). Following extensive characterization of the ES clones and founder mice by Southern blot analyses to confirm homologous recombination and single integration of the targeting vector, genotyping was done by PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four Gq class ␣ subunits in mice and humans; G␣q, G␣11, G␣14, and G␣15 or G␣16 (mouse or human ortholog, respectively [13,33]). G␣15 and G␣11 are encoded by the tandemly duplicated Gna15 and Gna11 genes and colocalize to mouse chromosome 10, while G␣q and G␣14, encoded by the Gnaq and Gna14 genes, colocalize to mouse chromosome 19 (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Davignon

Catalina

Smith³

et al. 2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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G␣15 activates phospholipase C␤ in response to the greatest variety of agonist-stimulated heptahelical receptors among the four Gq class G-protein ␣ subunits expressed in mammals. G␣15 is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells in fetal and adult mice. We disrupted the G␣15 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to identify its biological functions. Surprisingly, hematopoiesis was normal in G␣15 ؊/؊ macrophages. Despite discrete signaling defects, compensation by coexpressed Gq and/or Gi class ␣ subunits may suppress abnormalities in G␣15-deficient mice.Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce signals from ligandactivated seven-transmembrane domain receptors to effector proteins that regulate the release of intracellular second messengers, such as Ca 2ϩ and cyclic AMP. A diverse family of G-protein-coupled receptors bind numerous hormones and neurotransmitters, peptides, small proteins, and lipid molecules. The biological functions mediated by G proteins are equally diverse, including behavioral and sensory functions, appetite control, arousal, metabolism, development, inflammation, and chemotaxis.Heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of ␣ and ␤␥ subunits that can independently regulate effector proteins. Mammals express 16 distinct G␣ subunit genes that are grouped in four classes, Gq, Gi, Gs, and G12, according to sequence similarity, effector regulation, and responsiveness to RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) proteins, a recently identified family of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for G␣ subunits (30). The Gq class ␣ subunits activate all isoforms of phospholipase C␤ (PLC␤), which hydrolyze the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to produce inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. PLC␤2 and PLC␤3 are also activated by G␤␥ subunits, primarily released from Gi class G proteins (31), which is the basis for pertussis toxin inhibition of PLC␤ activity and Ca 2ϩ signaling evoked by Gi-coupled receptors (2, 20). Inositol trisphosphate produced by the activity of PLC␤ evokes calcium release from intracellular stores, and diacyl-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Davignon

Catalina

Smith³

et al. 2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…2). It was previously determined that both the mouse Gna15 and Gna11 genes consisted of seven exons and were arranged in tandem over a total of 45 kb [21]. A genomic map of the region is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cdna Sequence and Genomic Structure Of The S1p 4 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem genomic arrangement of a G protein (Gna15) and G protein‐coupled receptor (s1p₄/lp_C1/Edg6) gene

Contos

Sah

et al. 2002

FEBS Letters

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“…Thin solid lines depict individual genes, the extent of the line indicates the length and location of sequence obtained for each Fugu gene relative to the consensus sequence. The reference genes for each class are indicated (*) to the left of the line; Gnai3 (Kaziro et al 1991), Gnaz (Matsuoka et al 1988), Gnal 1 (Davignon et al 1996), Gna12 (accession no. U39855), and Gnas ).…”

Section: Ct56mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press on May 10, 2018 -Published by genome.cshlp.org Downloaded from structure of at least one of the G~ genes within each class is highly conserved, but the number of paralogs within each class and their rate of divergence differs between mammals and invertebrates (Wilkie and Yokoyama 1994;Davignon et al 1996). The functional significance of these differences is obscured by the evolutionary distance that separates vertebrates and invertebrates.…”

Section: Genome Research @ 1211mentioning

confidence: 99%

G protein alpha subunit multigene family in the Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes: PCR from a compact vertebrate genome.

Sarwal

Sontag²,

Hoang³

et al. 1996

Genome Res.

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We compare the complexity and organization of the G protein c~ subunit multigene family in the vertebrate genomes of mammals and the Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes. Fourteen Fugu G~ genes were identified of the 16 genes characterized previously in mammals, including Fugu genes from the four classes of alpha subunits Gs, Gi, Gq, and G12. Fugu and mammalian GoL coding sequences are highly homologous, and the intron/exon structure of the fish and mammalian orthologs is identical throughout the coding regions. A novel GoL gene, Gc~pl, was also identified in Fugu rubripes and two other species of puffer fish. The complete sequence of Gnaz and the tandemly duplicated genes Gnai2 and Gnarl were obtained from a Fugu genomic cosmid library.introns in the puffer fish GoL genes lacked repeat DNA sequences, other than simple sequence length repeats, and most introns were significantly shorter in Fugu than in mammalian orthologs. The compact genome of puffer fish provides a unique vertebrate model for characterizing multigene families and identifying novel genes directly from genomic DNA by PCR amplification with degenerate primers. The fact that Fugu encodes most, if not all, of the G protein alpha subunits identified in mammals strongly supports Fugu as a model organism for vertebrate genome research.

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Gene Structure of MurineGna11andGna15:Tandemly Duplicated Gq Class G Protein α Subunit Genes

Cited by 27 publications

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Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Tandem genomic arrangement of a G protein (Gna15) and G protein‐coupled receptor (s1p₄/lp_C1/Edg6) gene

G protein alpha subunit multigene family in the Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes: PCR from a compact vertebrate genome.

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Gene Structure of MurineGna11andGna15:Tandemly Duplicated Gq Class G Protein α Subunit Genes

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Normal Hematopoiesis and Inflammatory Responses Despite Discrete Signaling Defects in Gα15 Knockout Mice

Tandem genomic arrangement of a G protein (Gna15) and G protein‐coupled receptor (s1p4/lpC1/Edg6) gene

G protein alpha subunit multigene family in the Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes: PCR from a compact vertebrate genome.

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Tandem genomic arrangement of a G protein (Gna15) and G protein‐coupled receptor (s1p₄/lp_C1/Edg6) gene