General Considerations of Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Relationships∗

Moffett, Daphne B.; Mumtaz, Moiz; Sullivan, Dexter W.; Fowler, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59453-2.00010-x

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cd has been shown to cause a reduction in the tubular maximum reabsorption of β 2 M [ 9 ], and increased β 2 M excretion has been used as an indicator of impaired tubular reabsorptive function for many decades. An increase in the excretion of β 2 M above 300 μg/g creatinine is used as an endpoint in health risk assessments of Cd in the human diet, and urinary Cd excretion levels below 5.24 µg Cd/g creatinine have been identified as body burdens that are not associated with such an increase in β 2 M excretion [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. However, our previous assessment showed that β 2 M excretion of 100–299, 300–999 and ≥ 1000 μg/g creatinine were associated with 4.7-, 6.2- and 10.5-fold increases in the risk of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , which is commensurate with chronic kidney disease (CKD) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–Response Analysis of the Tubular and Glomerular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Environmental Cadmium

Satarug

Vesey

Gobé

2022

IJERPH

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We retrospectively analyzed data on the excretion of cadmium (ECd), β2-microglobulin (Eβ2M) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (ENAG), which were recorded for 734 participants in a study conducted in low- and high-exposure areas of Thailand. Increased Eβ2M and ENAG were used to assess tubular integrity, while a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was a criterion for glomerular dysfunction. ECd, Eβ2M and ENAG were normalized to creatinine clearance (Ccr) as ECd/Ccr, Eβ2M/Ccr and ENAG/Ccr to correct for interindividual variation in the number of surviving nephrons and to eliminate the variation in the excretion of creatinine (Ecr). For a comparison, these parameters were also normalized to Ecr as ECd/Ecr, Eβ2M/Ecr and ENAG/Ecr. According to the covariance analysis, a Cd-dose-dependent reduction in eGFR was statistically significant only when Ecd was normalized to Ccr as ECd/Ccr (F = 11.2, p < 0.001). There was a 23-fold increase in the risk of eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in those with the highest ECd/Ccr range (p = 0.002). In addition, doubling of ECd/Ccr was associated with lower eGFR (β = −0.300, p < 0.001), and higher ENAG/Ccr (β = 0.455, p < 0.001) and Eβ2M/Ccr (β = 0.540, p < 0.001). In contrast, a covariance analysis showed a non-statistically significant relationship between ECd/Ecr and eGFR (F = 1.08, p = 0.165), while the risk of low eGFR was increased by 6.9-fold only among those with the highest ECd/Ecr range. Doubling of ECd/Ecr was associated with lower eGFR and higher ENAG/Ecr and Eβ2M/Ecr, with the β coefficients being smaller than in the Ccr-normalized dataset. Thus, normalization of Cd excretion to Ccr unravels the adverse effect of Cd on GFR and provides a more accurate evaluation of the severity of the tubulo-glomerular effect of Cd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–Response Analysis of the Tubular and Glomerular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Environmental Cadmium

Satarug

Vesey

Gobé

2022

IJERPH

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“…Overall, plant traits, such as plant biomass, plant nutrient uptake, leaf growth and activity, and root development showed a generally consistent positive increase with BCE at 0.01% dosage but divergent changes at 0.1% dosage. This indicated a dosedependent function (Figure 7E) with biochar extract addition for rice seedling growth, which was noted early by Moffett et al (2015). In a study on pathogen-infected bean and cucumber in a potting mixture amended with biochar at different rates (Jaiswal et al, 2015), disease suppression was maximal with biochar from pepper waste at 0.5% and from eucalyptus wood chips at 1%.…”

Section: Dosage Dependence Of Biochar Dissolvable Organic Matter Effect On Rice Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 84%

Rice Seedling Growth Promotion by Biochar Varies With Genotypes and Application Dosages

Liu

Zhi

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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While biochar use in agriculture is widely advocated, how the effect of biochar on plant growth varies with biochar forms and crop genotypes is poorly addressed. The role of dissolvable organic matter (DOM) in plant growth has been increasingly addressed for crop production with biochar. In this study, a hydroponic culture of rice seedling growth of two cultivars was treated with bulk mass (DOM-containing), water extract (DOM only), and extracted residue (DOM-free) of maize residue biochar, at a volumetric dosage of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%, respectively. On seedling root growth of the two cultivars, bulk biochar exerted a generally negative effect, while the biochar extract had a consistently positive effect across the application dosages. Differently, the extracted biochar showed a contrasting effect between genotypes. In another hydroponic culture with Wuyunjing 7 treated with biochar extract at sequential dosages, seedling growth was promoted by 95% at 0.01% dosage but by 26% at 0.1% dosage, explained with the great promotion of secondary roots rather than of primary roots. Such effects were likely explained by low molecular weight organic acids and nanoparticles contained in the biochar DOM. This study highlights the importance of biochar DOM and crop genotype when evaluating the effect of biochar on plants. The use of low dosage of biochar DOM could help farmers to adopt biochar technology as a solution for agricultural sustainability.

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“…where α j is the redefined proportionality factor for the family member j, and SHS j is the answer to the question related to passive smoking (Yes = 1 or No = 0). Consequently, the dose-response relationship model in this study can be expressed as follows [20,21]:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Passive Smoking from the Mother and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Japanese Multicenter Study

Uchiyama

Haruyama

Shiraishi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Smoking is a risk factor for adult-onset Crohn’s disease (CD). Although passive smoking from family members is a major concern, especially in pediatric CD, the number of existing epidemiological studies is limited. This multicenter case–control study aimed to assess the effects of familial smoking on pediatric CD. We examined 22 pediatric CD cases and 135 controls. The subjects’ mothers were given a self-administered questionnaire about family smoking before disease onset in the CD group or the corresponding period in the control group. Univariable logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), whereas dose–response relationship analyses were performed for more in-depth evaluations. Univariable analyses indicated that passive smoking from the mother (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.61–7.10) was not a significant, but a candidate risk factor for developing pediatric CD. In contrast, the dose–response relationship analyses revealed that passive smoking from the mother (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04–1.31) was significantly associated with pediatric CD. Therefore, passive smoking from the mother may be predominantly associated with the development of pediatric CD. Further follow-up studies comprising environmental measurements of passive smoking exposure doses and genetic factors interaction analysis are necessary.

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General Considerations of Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Relationships∗

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Dose–Response Analysis of the Tubular and Glomerular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Environmental Cadmium

Dose–Response Analysis of the Tubular and Glomerular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Environmental Cadmium

Rice Seedling Growth Promotion by Biochar Varies With Genotypes and Application Dosages

Association between Passive Smoking from the Mother and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Japanese Multicenter Study

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