General Introduction to Ferroelectrics

Abstract

In this chapter “General introduction to ferroelectrics” we contribute the basic idea of the fundamental properties of ferroelectrics. We focus on the following properties in the chapter such as basic introduction, classification, ferroelectric phase transitions, spontaneous polarization, local field, dielectric properties, polarizability, thermodynamics of ferroelectricity and applications of ferroelectrics. Ferroelectric materials are unusual dielectric which possesses reversible spontaneous electric polarization which can be reversed by application of stress or electric field which exhibit a range of properties. These properties are widely used in the today’s scientific and industrial technology. The large number of areas due to their peculiar and interesting properties such as high permittivity capacitors, ferroelectric non-volatile FeRAM memories, pyroelectric sensors, piezoelectric and transducers, electrooptic and optoelectronic devices, etc.

Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle-Based Wearable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators as Self-Powered Sensors to Monitor Human Motion

“…Upon application of compressive force on the nanogenerator, a potential difference is set up between the top and bottom layers, which is known as piezoelectric potential difference. This is due to the non-centrosymmetric nature of ZFO nanoparticles, which gives rise to the dipolar reorientation, i.e., relative displacement of cations and anions, which results in a microscopic dipole moment upon the application of force . Moreover, as soon as the external force is removed, the piezoelectric effect slowly decreases due to the relaxation of the ZFO/PDMS composite film and results in reversal of the electric field, and an electric signal is detected in the opposite direction, explaining the AC-type behavior of the PENG device …”

Modeling and Investigating Total Ionizing Dose Impact on FeFET

“…Step 1: With the application of an electric field, polarization varies non-linearly, exhibiting a hysteresis loop dependency in ferroelectrics [26]. A progressive increase of electric field causes the entire specimen to behave as a single domain and the ferroelectric exhibits upward or downward pointing polarization states [27] with respect to the channel.…”

Optimization of switching charge and recoverable energy density mediated by structural transformation in Sr-substituted BaNiO3 perovskites

“…48 This dielectric response is due to the contribution of electronic, ionic, and dipolar polarizations in the material. 49 Apart from this, a leaky behavior was also observed from the P-E loops, which is due to the impact of the oxygen vacancies produced in samples during the initial sol-gel process. Most of these vacancies were equilibrated by atmospheric oxygen during calcination but some of them still remained behind which caused a leakage of current on application of the electric eld.…”