General Mechanisms in Ring‐Opening Polymerization

Polymers from sugars and CS2: synthesis and ring-opening polymerisation of sulfur-containing monomers derived from 2-deoxy-d-ribose and d-xylose

“…1b Driven by the versatility and accurate control offered by ring-opening polymerisation methods (ROP), 3 combined with the ability of sugars to be functionalised to adjust the properties of the resulting polymers, recent efforts have been devoted to the synthesis and subsequent ROP of sugar-based cyclic monomers. 1a These include lactams, 4 phosphoesters 5 and cyclic carbonates.…”

Application of named reactions in polymer synthesis

“…A number of living polymerization methods have been identified since the introduction of anionic polymerization by Szwarc in 1956 [3]. Group transfer polymerization (GTP) [4], living anionic and cationic ring opening polymerization [5], living carbocationic polymerization [6], ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) [7], and controlled/"living" radical polymerization (CRP) [8] techniques are currently known for the precise synthesis of macromolecular architectures with defined molecular weights and end-groups. Although named reactions play an important role in the syntheses of monomers [9,10] and many named reactions such as the Glaser coupling reaction [11,12] and Williamson reaction [13] have been applied for post-polymerization modifications, only a few of them have been introduced to construct the main chain.…”

End Functionalization by Ring Opening Polymerization: Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Synthesis of End Functionalized Poly(lactic Acid)

“…Considering the mechanism of ROP previously described, higher lactide/catalyst molar ratio increases the probability of coordination between lactide and catalyst agent and the synthesis of polymers with higher molecular weight. 7,37 However, some impurities such as lactic acid and other hydroxyl impurities are also able to coordinate with the catalyst and they have influence on the final polymer molecular weight. 29,[38][39][40][41] In our study these impurities were not assessed.…”

“…The results are in agreement with those reported for the use of some different co-initiators in ROP. 7,[30][31][32][33] On the other hand, the model has a significant lack of fit for each co-initiator, indicating that is possible to be in an area where there is an optimal point.…”

“…ROP can be performed as bulk polymerization or in solution and the catalyst (also called initiator) is necessary to start the reaction. 5,7,15 Besides, depending on the type of initiator, ROP proceeds according to three different major reaction mechanisms, cationic, anionic or coordination-insertion. By these procedures, functionalized polyesters of high-molecular weight and low polydispersity can be synthesized in short periods of time.…”