General principles of international legal protection of human rights

Abstract

The article examines international means of protecting the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in Ukraine. The analyzed Ukrainian experience confirms that the degree of protection of human rights and freedoms in any state today depends not only on the level and efficiency of the national judicial system, but also on integration into the international system of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Ukraine takes an active part in international relations, concludes treaties and agreements and further ratifies them. International normative treaties occupy a special place in the legal system of every state. Therefore, such a principle as implementation into the national legal system of ratified conventions and international treaties is one of the most important principles of human rights protection. It is emphasized that the problem of protecting human rights and basic freedoms goes far beyond the borders of one state. It is human rights that are currently the most common factor in the interaction of national legal systems, as they contribute to the integration of the global and regional legal space. It is noted that according to the Constitution of Ukraine, the function of protecting human rights and freedoms is entrusted to the President of Ukraine (as the guarantor of human rights), the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (the main judicial body for the protection of the rights of Ukrainian citizens) and the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada for Human Rights in Ukraine. In Art. 9 of the Constitution of Ukraine recognizes the priority of the principles and norms of international law and their belonging to the legal system of Ukraine, everyone is guaranteed the right to appeal to international bodies for the protection of rights and freedoms, if all available domestic means of legal protection have been exhausted. The mechanisms of universal cooperation and control include primarily the UN, one of the goals of which is international cooperation to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature, as well as the promotion and development of respect for human rights and basic freedoms of all, regardless of race, gender, language and religion.

Protection of the Civilian Population from Human Rights Violations through European Mechanisms in Wartime

“…According to Muoneke and Nnani (2023), the European Court of Human Rights takes a leading position in protecting the rights of the civilian population. The claim of gaps in the legal system is supported by research (Hryb et al, 2023), which points to the optimisation of handling cases and the strengthening of mechanisms for rapid response to crises. Stahl et al (2023) draw attention to the importance of international cooperation in solving humanitarian crises.…”