General strategies in chromatographic analysis of lipids

Myher, J. J.; Kuksis, A.

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00178-l

Cited by 102 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…PL molecular species are defined by the nature of the acyl (alkyl) residues attached to the C-1 (also called sn-1, using stereospecific numbering) and C-2 positions (sn-2) of the glycerol backbone. The molecular species are uniquely and differentially distributed among different tissues [1,2], and because of their importance in regulating development, function and adaptation [3][4][5], analysis of PL molecular species and their alterations is of considerable interest in many areas of biological research.Thin layer chromatography (TLC) [6 -8] and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9,10] are well suited for the separation of PL classes, whereas the separation of molecular species within each class may be accomplished using gas chromatography (GC) [11,12] or reversed-phase HPLC [13][14][15] (see [5] for a review on lipid molecular species analysis). Conversion of PL species to GCsuitable derivatives is laborious and time consuming, and often results in analyte loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thin layer chromatography (TLC) [6 -8] and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9,10] are well suited for the separation of PL classes, whereas the separation of molecular species within each class may be accomplished using gas chromatography (GC) [11,12] or reversed-phase HPLC [13][14][15] (see [5] for a review on lipid molecular species analysis). Conversion of PL species to GCsuitable derivatives is laborious and time consuming, and often results in analyte loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural analysis of phosphatidylcholines by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Al‐Saad

Siems

Hill

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The utility of post-source decay (PSD) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was investigated for the structural analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). PC did not produce detectable negative molecular ion from MALDI, but positive ions were observed as both [PCϩH] ϩ and [PCϩNa] ϩ . The PSD spectra of the protonated PC species contained only one fragment corresponding to the head group (m/z 184), while the sodiated precursors produced many fragment ions, including those derived from the loss of fatty acids. The loss of fatty acid from the C-1 position (sn-1) of the glycerol backbone was favored over the loss of fatty acid from the C-2 position (sn-2). Ions emanating from the fragmentation of the head group (phosphocholine) included ϩ , ϩ and ϩ , which corresponded to the loss of trimethylamine (TMA), non-sodiated choline phosphate and sodiated choline phosphate, respectively. Other fragments reflecting the structure of the head group were observed at m/z 183, 146 and 86. The difference in the fragmentation patterns for the PSD of [PCϩNa] ϩ compared to [PCϩH] ϩ is attributed to difference in the binding of Na ϩ and H ϩ . While the proton binds to a negatively charged oxygen of the phosphate group, the sodium ion can be associated with several regions of the PC molecule. Hence, in the sodiated PC, intermolecular interaction of the negatively charged oxygen of the phosphate group, along with sodium association at multiple sites, can lead to a complex and characteristic ion fragmentation pattern. The preferential loss of sn-1 fatty acid group could be explained by the formation of an energetically favorable six-member A s major constituents of cell membranes, phospholipids (PL) have an essential role in regulating biophysical properties, protein sorting and cell signaling pathways. Structurally, PLs are diacyl(alkyl)glycerols esterified to a phosphate-containing polar head group. The nature of the head group dictates the particular PL class. PL molecular species are defined by the nature of the acyl (alkyl) residues attached to the C-1 (also called sn-1, using stereospecific numbering) and C-2 positions (sn-2) of the glycerol backbone. The molecular species are uniquely and differentially distributed among different tissues [1,2], and because of their importance in regulating development, function and adaptation [3][4][5], analysis of PL molecular species and their alterations is of considerable interest in many areas of biological research.Thin layer chromatography (TLC) [6 -8] and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9,10] are well suited for the separation of PL classes, whereas the separation of molecular species within each class may be accomplished using gas chromatography (GC) [11,12] or reversed-phase HPLC [13][14][15] (see [5] for a review on lipid molecular species analysis). Conversion of PL species to GCsuitable derivatives is laborious and time consuming, and often results in analyte loss. Moreover, HPLC can

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of phosphatidylcholines by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Al‐Saad

Siems

Hill

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Soft ionization techniques such as fast atom bombardment (FAB), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) allow direct MS analysis of phospholipid molecular species (Myher and Kuksis, 1995). These methods all involve dissolving the phospholipid sample in a solvent, termed the matrix.…”

Section: Soft Ionization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of ethylenediamine tetracetate (EDTA) or ammonium sulfate improves the resolution of acidic phospholipids [phosphatidylserine (PS) from phosphatidylinositol (PI); Ando and Saito, 1987;Kaulen, 1972]. Boric acid or silver nitrate additives also may improve resolution (Myher and Kuksis, 1995).…”

Section: Thin-layer Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of temperature programming, where the temperature is gradually ramped to account for varying volatilities of the sample, improves resolution and peak recovery (Myher and Kuksis, 1995). Barroso and Bischoff (2005) found that the use of a pellicular packing material in C 8 columns at high temperatures decreased excessive tailing and provided better resolution than normal phase.…”

Section: Stationary Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of chromatographic methods for the assessment of phospholipids in biological samples

Peterson

Cummings

2005

Biomedical Chromatography

236

159

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Phospholipids are important constituents of all living cell membranes. Lipidomics is a rapidly growing field that provides insight as to how specific phospholipids play roles in normal physiological and disease states. There are many analytical methods available for the qualitative and quantitative determination of phospholipids. This review provides a summary of the methods that were historically used such as thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, an introduction to applications of interfacing these traditional chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry is provided.

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Study of mechanisms involved in the collision-induced dissociation of carboxylate anions from glycerophospholipids using negative ion electrospray tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Hvattum

Hagelin²,

Larsen³

1998

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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The collision-induced dissociation of the carboxylate anions from human blood phosphatdilycholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA) containing the C18:0 (sn-1) and C20:4 (sn-2) fatty acyl residues was studied using normal phase liquid chromatography coupled with negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The product ion peak area ratio of C18:0 to C20:4 was calculated for each phospholipid species and was found to increase with increasing collision energy for all classes. For the phospholipids with a net neutral charge (PE, PC) there was a preferential loss of the sn-2 carboxylate anion (C20:4) at low collision energy, while at higher energy there was a preferential loss of the sn-1 carboxylate anion (C18:0). For the phospholipids with a net negative charge (PI, PA, PS) the intensity of the sn-1 carboxylate anion peak was equal to or higher than the sn-2 carboxylate anion peak at the energies measured. At a given collision energy the product ion peak area ratio decreased in the order PA > or = PS > PI. Studying PS and PE species at different collision energies, it was found that for both classes the increase in the abundance ratio with increasing collision energy was largely dependent on the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the sn-2 acyl chain.

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General strategies in chromatographic analysis of lipids

Cited by 102 publications

References 128 publications

Structural analysis of phosphatidylcholines by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Structural analysis of phosphatidylcholines by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A review of chromatographic methods for the assessment of phospholipids in biological samples

Study of mechanisms involved in the collision-induced dissociation of carboxylate anions from glycerophospholipids using negative ion electrospray tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

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