General synthesis of high-entropy alloy and ceramic nanoparticles in nanoseconds

Wang, Bing; Wang, Cheng; Yu, Xiwen; Cao, Yuan; Gao, Linfeng; Wu, Congping; Yao, Yingfang; Lin, Zhiqun; Zou, Zhigang

doi:10.1038/s44160-021-00004-1

Cited by 169 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, other shock methods are also used to prepare HEA nanoparticles with different characteristics, such as microwave, 42,82 ultrasonication, 46 radiative shock heating, 41,83,84 and laser methods (Figure 3A). 16,43,77,85 For example, Qiao et al 42 fabricated the PtPdFeCoNi HEA nanoparticles uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide film via microwave energy (at 1800 K for several seconds) to realize high temperature for rapid synthesis of HEAs. Using highenergy acoustic cavitation in the ultrasonication process, NM precursors could be coreduced and transformed into alloy structures to synthesize multicomponent alloy nanoparticles by ultrasonication-assisted wet chemistry at room conditions.…”

Section: Other Shock-type Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the productivity of 3 g/h can be achieved, demonstrating its scalability and reproducibility. Very recently, Wang et al 16 presented a simple and general laser scanning ablation method to prepare a vast library of HEA and high‐entropy ceramics nanoparticles. Up to nine metal elements can be combined uniformly into HEA nanoparticles regardless of their thermodynamic solubility by this ultra‐rapid process within 5 ns.…”

Section: Synthetic Strategies To Prepare Hea Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,10,11 In contrast to bulk HEAs, nanoscale HEAs (either HEA nanomaterials or highly porous HEAs) show a much higher surface area and are promising for various catalytic reactions in chemical conversions and clean energy applications, which are important strategies toward the goal of "carbon neutralization." [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Highly efficient catalysis plays a key role to enable the use of renewable and clean energy, energy-efficient chemical conversion, and direct CO 2 utilization for chemicals and fuel production, all contributing significantly to CO 2 emission reduction. Moreover, catalysis is the cornerstone of the modern chemical industry as ∼90% of all manufactured chemical products are involved with catalytic processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐entropy alloy catalysts: From bulk to nano toward highly efficient carbon and nitrogen catalysis

Zeng

et al. 2022

Carbon Energy

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High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted widespread attention as both structural and functional materials owing to their huge multielement composition space and unique high-entropy mixing structure. Recently, emerging HEAs, either in nano or highly porous bulk forms, are developed and utilized for various catalytic and clean energy applications with superior activity and remarkable durability. Being catalysts, HEAs possess some unique advantages, including (1) a multielement composition space for the discovery of new catalysts and fine-tuning of surface adsorption (i.e., activity and selectivity), (2) diverse active sites derived from the random multielement mixing that are especially suitable for multistep catalysis, and(3) a high-entropy stabilized structure that improves the structural durability in harsh catalytic environments. Benefited from these inherent advantages, HEA catalysts have demonstrated superior catalytic performances and are promising for complex carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle reactions featuring multistep reaction pathways and many different intermediates. However, the design, synthesis, characterization, and understanding of HEA catalysts for C-and N-involved reactions are extremely challenging because of both complex high-entropy materials and complex reactions. In this review, we present the recent development of HEA catalysts, particularly on their innovative and extensive syntheses, advanced (in situ) characterizations, and applications in complex C and N looping reactions, aiming to provide a focused view on how to utilize intrinsically complex catalysts for these important and complex reactions. In the end, remaining challenges and future directions are proposed to guide the development and application of HEA catalysts for highly efficient energy storage and chemical conversion toward carbon neutrality.

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Section: Other Shock-type Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Strategies To Prepare Hea Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐entropy alloy catalysts: From bulk to nano toward highly efficient carbon and nitrogen catalysis

Zeng

et al. 2022

Carbon Energy

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“…Inorganic compounds/mixtures of metal alloys and ceramics (e.g., oxide and nitride) form the bulk of widely-used materials in modern advanced technologies and broad applications such as electronics, clean energy generation and storage, healthcare, urban sustainability and nanomedicine [1][2][3] . Reducing metal and ceramic compounds to their nanoscale forms [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , while increasing the number of principal elements with substantial concentrations [24][25][26][27][28] , enhance the overall diversity in terms of atomic interfaces, phase characteristics, compositions, as well as enable new emergent collective properties and performance [1][2][3] , e.g., high mechanical strength, ductility and toughness [29][30][31][32][33] , electrical, 17 magnetic 34,35 and electrochemical activities 28,[36][37][38][39] .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser annealing-induced phase transformation behaviors of multicomponent metal alloy, oxide and nitride nanoparticle combinations

Tay

Buenconsejo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Multicomponent inorganic nanoparticles made up of dissimilar elements have enormous potentials in various fields and applications such as catalysis, energy generation and bioengineering. Developments of facile rapid synthesis routes toward functional multicomponent nanoparticles of metals and ceramics with control of single/mixed crystalline structure configurations as well as understanding their transformative behaviors to enable unexpected properties, however, have remained challenging. Here we describe a transient laser heating strategy to generate multicomponent metal alloy, oxide and nitride nanoparticles. Laser irradiation of the identical metal salt mixture under different millisecond heating times provides direct control of cooling rates and thereby results in multicomponent alloy nanoparticles with tunable single- and multiphasic solid solution characteristics, atomic compositions, nanoparticle morphologies and physicochemical properties. Extending the elemental selection to nitride-forming precursors enables laser-induced carbothermal reduction and nitridation of multicomponent tetragonal rutile oxide nanoparticles to the cubic rock salt nitride phase. The combination of laser heating with spatially resolved X-ray diffraction facilitates combinatorial studies of phase transitions and reaction pathways of multicomponent nanoparticles. These findings provide a general strategy to design nonequilibrium multicomponent metal alloys and ceramic materials amalgamations for fundamental studies and practical applications such as carbon nanotube growth, water splitting and antimicrobial applications.

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“…14 Seminal work by the Hu group circumvented this challenge by utilizing rapid solid-state synthesis, termed carbothermal shock synthesis, which involved millisecond heating of metal precursor salt mixtures followed by rapid temperature quenching. 15 In recent years, a number of solid state synthesis methods for HEA materials made their debut such as electrosynthesis, 16,17 fast-moving bed pyrolysis, 18 laser ablation, 19,20 aerosol synthesis, 21 and microwave heating synthesis. 22 In general, these prior synthesis routes used high temperature and rapid temperature quenching to generate kinetically trapped HEA nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Formation of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles by Aggregation of Amorphous Metal Cluster Intermediates

Sun

Leff

et al. 2022

Preprint

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High entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles hold promise as active and durable (electro)catalysts. Understanding their formation mechanism will enable rational control over the atomic arrangement of multimetallic catalytic surface sites. While prior reports have attributed HEA nanoparticle formation to nucleation and growth, there is a dearth of detailed mechanistic investigations. Here we utilize transmission electron microscopy (TEM), systematic synthesis, and mass spectrometry (MS) to demonstrate that HEA nanoparticles form by aggregation of non-crystalline multimetallic cluster intermediates. AuAgCuPtPd HEA nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous co-reduction of metal salts with sodium borohydride in the presence of thiolated polymer ligands. Varying the metal:ligand ratio during synthesis showed that alloyed HEA nanoparticles formed only above a threshold ligand concentration. Alloyed sub-nanometer clusters were observed with the final HEA nanoparticles while few clusters were observed when phase-separated nanoparticles formed. Increasing supersaturation ratio increased particle size, which together with the observations of stable single atoms smaller than the critical nuclei size was inconsistent with a burst nucleation mechanism. Direct real-time observations with liquid phase TEM imaging showed that HEA nanoparticles formed by aggregation of sub-nanometer clusters. Taken together, these results are consistent with a reaction mechanism involving rapid reduction of metal ions into sub-nanometer alloyed clusters, followed by cluster aggregation driven by borohydride ion induced thiol ligand desorption. This work suggests intermediate cluster species as potential synthetic handles for rational control over HEA nanoparticle atomic structure.

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General synthesis of high-entropy alloy and ceramic nanoparticles in nanoseconds

Cited by 169 publications

References 36 publications

High‐entropy alloy catalysts: From bulk to nano toward highly efficient carbon and nitrogen catalysis

High‐entropy alloy catalysts: From bulk to nano toward highly efficient carbon and nitrogen catalysis

Laser annealing-induced phase transformation behaviors of multicomponent metal alloy, oxide and nitride nanoparticle combinations

Visualizing Formation of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles by Aggregation of Amorphous Metal Cluster Intermediates

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