General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

Abstract

The design of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials is illustrated based on the surfactant assembly and confinedspace growth. These materials include mesoporous metal oxides, polymers, and carbons with open framework structures, and single-crystal metal, metal oxide and carbon nanoarrays with replicated mesostructures. A generalized "acid-base pair" concept, which self-adjusts the acidity and homogeneity of the inorganic precursor, is proposed to prepare highly ordered mesoporous metal oxides, phosphates and borates, as well as mixed metal oxides and phosphates, with diverse structures. Mesoscopically ordered polymer frameworks with uniformly large pore sizes are derived from the self-assembly from organic templates and organic precursors. Heating these materials transforms them to homologous carbon frameworks. Microwave digested method is an efficient way to enhance the adsorption property of hard silica templates in fabricating ordered nonsiliceous single-crystal nanoarrays. The coordination of organic surfactants with metal ions is also a method to increase the interaction between hard templates and precursors. A one-step impregnation process is used to fabricate ordered silica monoliths with various metal oxide nanocrystals. Improving the interactions between the precursors themselves plays an essential role in replicating ordered mesoporous CdS, SiC and graphitized carbons. Preliminary applications in bone-forming materials, biosensors and electrodes are presented as well.

Mesoporous Alumina (MA) Based Double Column Approach for Development of a Clinical Scale99Mo/99mTc Generator Using (n,γ)99Mo: An Enticing Application of Nanomaterial

“…While a broad panoply of methods, such as nanocasting, the use of room temperature ionic liquids, the surfactant self-assembly approach, the hydrothermal processing, sol–gel method, controlled precipitation of boehmite by hydrolysis of aluminum salts and alkoxides, etc., have been reported for the synthesis of mesoporous nanoalumina, , the requirement of strictly controlled synthesis conditions along with postsynthesis treatments emerged as the major road block to undertake large-scale preparation of the nanosorbent. Nevertheless, these synthesis methods are not only cumbersome but also expensive routes of preparing nanomaterials.…”

Mesoporous materials and electrochemistry

“…2 Nowadays, it is well-established that controllable soft templating is likely to generate fascinating porous solids with regular mesostructures, along with very high specific surface areas, thermal and mechanical stability, highly uniform pore distribution and tunable pore size, high adsorption capacity and unprecedented hosting properties. [3][4][5] Non-siliceous mesoporous materials have been prepared, 6,7 including notably metal oxides (other than silica), 8,9 mesoporous non-oxide materials, 10 ordered porous metals, 11,12 mesoporous carbons, [13][14][15][16][17] and even organic polymers, 17,18 most of them being obtained from nanocasting pathways (i.e., replica using mesoporous materials as hard templates). 6,19,20 Of related interest are hierarchically structured macro-mesoporous materials 12,[21][22][23] and ordered macroporous structures prepared using self-assembled colloidal crystal templates.…”

Mesoporous Materials‐Based Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensors

“…They have indeed potential applications in adsorption 28–31, separation 32–34, catalysis 35–37, electrochemistry 38, 39, sensors 39–46 and biosensors 44, 47–53, drug delivery and other biomedical fields 54–58, immobilization of biomolecules and biocatalysis 59–64, environmental processes 28, 30, 31, 65, 66, energy conversion and storage 39, 66–69, and so on 70, 71. Nowadays, effective synthesis procedures have been developed to generate various types of ordered mesoporous materials, such as silica and silica‐based organic‐inorganic hybrid materials 1–8, 72, metal oxides other than silica 1, 9–12, 73–75, mesoporous non‐oxide materials 13, 14, 76, ordered porous metals 1, 11, 15, 16, ordered mesoporous carbons 1, 17–26, 77, 78, or mesostructured organic polymers 22, 26, 27. Many of them are particularly attractive for being used in electrochemical sensing and biosensing devices, in which one can take advantage of their support/hosting properties (i.e., for immobilization of biomolecules, catalysts, or charge transfer mediators), their intrinsic (electro)catalytic and/or conductivity properties (mainly mesoporous metal and carbon), their widely open, highly ordered and mechanically stable inorganic mesostructure (ensuring fast transport of reactants throughout highly porous and accessible spaces), and their ease of functionalization with huge amounts of diverse reactive moieties that can be attached to mesopore walls over wide surface areas (mainly on mesoporous silica), for instance.…”