General Vacuum Electronics

Feng, Jinjun; Li, Xinghui; Hu, Jiannan; Cai, Jian

doi:10.26866/jees.2020.20.1.1

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, different vacuum degrees will generally not seriously affect the working performance of the device, and the emission currents are in the same order of magnitude, which can explain the vacuum-like behavior of the devices when they operate in air. Given a fixed applied voltage of 10 V, the stability of the emission current was studied [ 19 ]. The current variation with the varying vacuum degree was better than 2.1%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Triodes Based on the Material System of Vacuum Electronics

Han¹,

Li²,

Cai³

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Nanoscale vacuum channel triodes realize the vacuum-like transmission of electrons in the atmosphere because the transmission distance is less than the mean free path of electrons in air. This new hybrid device is the deep integration of vacuum electronics technology, micro-nano electronics technology, and optoelectronic technology. It has the advantages of both vacuum and solid-state devices and is considered to be the next generation of vacuum electronic devices. In this work, vertical nanoscale vacuum channel diodes and triodes with edge emission were fabricated using advanced micro-nano processing technology. The device materials were all based on the vacuum electronics material system. The field emission characteristics of the devices were investigated. The diode continued emitting at a bias voltage from 0 to 50 V without failure, and the current variation under different vacuum degrees was better than 2.1%. The field emission characteristics of the devices were evaluated over a wide pressure range of between 10−7 Pa and 105 Pa, and the results could explain the vacuum-like behavior of the devices when operating in air. The current variation of the triode is better than 6.1% at Vg = 8 V and Va = 10 V.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Triodes Based on the Material System of Vacuum Electronics

Han¹,

Li²,

Cai³

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…High-Power Microwave (HPM) technologies have appeared as microwave technologies combined with pulsed-power-source technologies [1,2]. In the 1880s, Heinrich Hertz generated microwaves artificially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Optimum Diameter of the Ring Reflector for an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Kim

2022

Electronics

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The optimum hole diameter of a ring reflector was experimentally investigated using an axial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) to enhance its microwave power. The ring reflector enhances the microwave power from the axial vircator by forming a cavity. The ring reflector was installed 9 mm behind the anode. The optimum hole diameter of the ring reflector was analyzed through simulations and experiments by changing the diameter from 60 mm to 160. PIC simulations show that the maximum peak microwave power was generated when the hole diameter was 116 mm and enhanced by 210%. The experiments show similar results to the simulations. The largest peak maximum power was 23.67 MW when the hole diameter was 120 mm. The simulations show that the dominant microwave frequency was formed between 5.33 GHz and 6.7 GHz. The experiments show that the dominant microwave frequency was formed between 5.3 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The frequency trend was approximately similar to that of the simulation results. However, the trend depending on the hole diameter was not as obvious as in the simulations. Although the frequency change was not as clear as in the simulations, experiments show that the hole diameter of the ring reflector affects the vircator operation.

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“…As a high-power microwave (HPM) device, many vacuum electronic devices have been studied and analyzed [1,2]. A virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) is one microwave source for an HPM device [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator with an Open-Ended Coaxial Cathode

Kim

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

J Electromagn Eng Sci

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A cathode with an open-ended coaxial structure is experimentally investigated using an axial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator). To enhance the microwave power output, an open-ended coaxial cathode is installed in the axial vircator. The proposed cathode is designed based on the reciprocating frequency of the vircator. The operation features of an axial vircator with a solid cathode, an annular cathode, and an open-ended coaxial cathode are comparatively analyzed through simulations and experiments. Three cathodes are machined using graphite. A stainless steel mesh with a transparency of 70% is used as an anode. The anode-to-cathode gap is fixed to 6 mm. The vircator is driven using a 10-stage PFN-Marx generator with a characteristic impedance of 31 Ω. The PFN-Marx generator applies -150 kV voltage pulses with a 170–200 ns pulse width into the vircator. The microwave power from the solid and annular cathodes is 11.22 MW and 11.27 MW, respectively. The proposed cathode generates a microwave with a power of 12.65 MW while enhancing the microwave power by 13% compared with the solid and annular cathodes. The proposed cathode shows a frequency shift to 3.4 GHz, which is a much lower frequency than that of the solid cathode at 6.34 GHz.

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General Vacuum Electronics

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Vertical Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Triodes Based on the Material System of Vacuum Electronics

Vertical Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Triodes Based on the Material System of Vacuum Electronics

Investigation of the Optimum Diameter of the Ring Reflector for an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Investigation of an Axial Virtual Cathode Oscillator with an Open-Ended Coaxial Cathode

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