Generalised hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of two-level atoms in an optically dense medium

Abstract

The peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. Different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy, including hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalised hyper-Ramsey schemes, are compared. Error signals change significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence of the position of the central fringe resonance with a residual uncompensated light shift of the atomic transition is studied with the attenuation of the radiation intensity in the medium taken into account. It is shown that using a combination of generalised hyper-Ramsey error signals allows one to suppress the sensitivity to the light shift for any length of the medium.

Generalized hyper-Ramsey-Bordé matter-wave interferometry: quantum engineering of robust atomic sensors with composite pulses

“…18a in comparison to the original HR3 π protocol [62]. It has been recently demonstrated that GHR(π/4) and GHR(3π/4) schemes have a strong robustness against residual light-shift coupled to spontaneous emission in an optically dense medium of cold atoms [63]. Indeed, there is a large possibility of unexplored exotic composite pulse protocols for optical clocks due to the richness of the quantum Hilbert space engineering [64] including a manipulation of qubit detunings with opposite sign [65].…”