“…The objective was to grasp the target with a team of robots, to enclose the target at a pre-specified distance from it, to uniformly distribute the robots around the target, and to subsequently escort the target, with maintaining the distances both to the target and between the robots. In contrast with the majority of relevant algorithms available in the literature (see, e.g., [47,48,49,50,28,51,43,52,53,54,32,55,56,57,58,29,44,59,60,61,62] for representative samples; a detailed literature overview is available in [30,62]), angular data about the target are not available to the robots, and the objective should be achieved based on only range measurements. Range-only based navigation is of interest for many applications since it carries a potential both for reduction of the cost and complexity of the hardware and for increase of the system reliability [63,64,39].…”