Generalized dual-phase lag bioheat equations based on nonequilibrium heat transfer in living biological tissues

Thermodynamical consistency of the dual-phase-lag heat conduction equation

“…[26,27,28,29,30,31]. Based on a fractal approach, the idea behind the dual phase lag concept is further extended by Ezzat et al to a three phase lag approach [32] and applied by Akbarzadeh and Pasini along with the DPL model [33].…”

Sensitivity of transient temperature field in domain of forearm insulated by protective clothing with respect to perturbations of external boundary heat flux

“…The Pennes equation belongs to the group of the so-called macroscopic tissue models. It should be pointed out that the tissue models can also be described by the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation [8] or the dual phase lag equation [9,10], but the Pennes approach is, so far, the most commonly used. The forearm domain is a non-homogeneous one and represents the composition of skin tissue, fat, muscle, bone and blood vessels (arteries and veins).…”

1D generalized dual-phase lag equation. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the porosity

“…The parameter τ q is the phase lag of the heat flux and parameter τ T is the phase lag of the temperature gradient. Extension of this model is the generalized dual-phase lag equation [12][13][14][15]. In this equation the phase lag times τ q and τ T are expressed in terms of the blood and tissue properties, the interphase convective heat transfer coefficient and the blood perfusion rate.…”