“…Another important aspect of automatic well placement approaches is the optimization algorithm. To solve the optimal well placement problem, most researchers have utilized heuristic global optimization methods such as genetic algorithm (GA) (Montes et al, 2001;Yeten et al, 2003;Ozdogan and Horne, 2006;Emerick et al, 2009;Salmachi et al, 2013), differential evolution (DE) (Afshari et al, 2015;Awotunde, 2016), simulated annealing (Sa) (Beckner and Song, 1995), particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Onwunalu and Durlofsky, 2010;Bouzarkouna et al, 2013;Afshari et al, 2014;Forouzanfar et al, 2016), the covariance matrix adaptation-evolution strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm (Bouzarkouna et al, 2012;Jesmani et al, 2016a;Forouzanfar et al, 2016) and some hybrid algorithms (Nwankwor et al, 2013). Although these methods have the ability to avoid local solutions, their convergence to the global solution is heuristic in natural and typically require a very large number of reservoir simulation runs in an optimization loop.…”