“…3 With regards to macro variables, Cooper andPriestley (2009, 2013) use the output gap and the world business cycle, respectively, Favero, Gozluklu, and Tamoni (2011) consider a demographic variable (the proportion of middle-aged to young population), Li, Ng, and Swaminathan (2013) study the aggregate implied cost of capital, Chava, Gallmeyer, and Park (2015) study the predictive power of bank lending standards, and Moller andRangvid (2015, 2018) study dierent US-based macroeconomic variables and global economic growth, respectively, by focusing on their fourth-quarter growth rate. Financial market variables include the variance risk premium (Bollerslev, Tauchen, and Zhou, 2009), lagged US market returns for the OOS predictability of stock returns of other industrialized countries (Rapach, Strauss, and Zhou, 2013), the stockbond yield gap (Maio, 2013), technical indicators (Neely, Rapach, Tu, and Zhou, 2014), the government bond volatility index (Pan and Chan, 2017), option-implied state prices (Metaxoglou and Smith, 2017), risk neutral variance of the equity market return measured from index option prices (Martin, 2017), and generalized nancial ratios (Algaba and Boudt, 2017). Behavioral-related variables include the investment sentiment indexes (Huang, Jiang, Tu, and Zhou, 2015) and information on short-interest positions (Rapach, Ringgenberg, and Zhou, 2016).…”