Generalized Permutation Coded OFDM-MFSK in Hybrid Powerline and Visible Light Communication

Abstract

Channel impairments from the powerline communication (PLC) and visible light communication (VLC) technologies, are one of the causes of performance degradation in a hybrid PLC and VLC (HPV) system. In this paper, we focus on one of the inherent noise types in PLC channels, impulse noise (IN), which is characterised by short bursts of rapidly modified amplitudes caused by random switching of electrical devices onto the power network. Recently, a permutation coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with M -ary frequency shift keying (M FSK) scheme, in short, PC OFDM-M FSK, was proposed for IN mitigation in PLC systems. It is conceived that the robustness of this scheme against IN in standalone PLC systems will enhance the error performance of the HPV system. Furthermore, since one of the disadvantages of the PC OFDM-M FSK scheme compared to that using only the classical OFDM scheme, is degraded data rate, we propose a generalised PC OFDM-M FSK scheme to improve the degraded data rate. It is shown in this paper that the use of OFDM-M FSK improves the performance of an HPV system compared to that using only the classical OFDM modulation scheme, by a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio gain of 6 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10 −4 . Furthermore, the use of the soft-decision Hungarian-Murty (HM) decoder enhances the error performance, showing an SNR gain of about 3 dB and reduces the decoding complexity of the PC OFDM-M FSK HPV system. Moreover, the generalisation of the PC OFDM-M FSK HPV system, does not increase the decoding complexity when the SD HM decoder is used.INDEX TERMS Frequency shift keying (FSK), generalised permutation coding, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), powerline communication (PLC), visible light communication (VLC).

Physical-Layer Security for Indoor Hybrid PLC/VLC Networks With NOMA

“…Therefore, it is imperative to develop the VLC technology in combination with other communication technologies such as power line communication (PLC), RF communication, and free space optical (FSO) communication. Much endeavor has been made to investigate the hybrid communication networks, including VLC/RF [7], [8], FSO/VLC [9], [10], and PLC/VLC [11], [12]. At present, the hybrid PLC/VLC network is one of the research highlights.…”

“…Most research on hybrid PLC/VLC networks have been carried out from the perspectives of communication reliability [11], [16], modulation scheme design [12], and power allocation [17]- [19]. For example, taking the mobility of the end user in IoT applications into account, the authors in [11] studied the outage probability (OP) and the average bit error rate (BER) of a hybrid cooperative PLC/VLC system based on a decode-forward (DF) protocol, while the average BER performance of a three-hop hybrid VLC-PLC-VLC system was analyzed in [16].…”

“…For example, taking the mobility of the end user in IoT applications into account, the authors in [11] studied the outage probability (OP) and the average bit error rate (BER) of a hybrid cooperative PLC/VLC system based on a decode-forward (DF) protocol, while the average BER performance of a three-hop hybrid VLC-PLC-VLC system was analyzed in [16]. A novel modulation scheme was proposed in [12] where a generalized permutation-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing was utilized with various frequency shifts keying schemes to mitigate the effects of impulsive noise in the PLC link for a hybrid PLC/VLC system. For an indoor PLC/VLC network in parallel with a RF network [17], the total PLC/VLC/RF transmission power minimization problem under various quality of service constraints was investigated, such as the total energy efficiency, data rate and negative delay.…”

Proposals for Updated EMC Standards and Requirements (9–500 kHz) for DC Microgrids and New Compliance Verification Methods

“…Most often this is done by modulating a carrier signal, for example a 132 kHz sine wave that can be frequency modulated (FM) by the data signal [15]. Popular modulation schemes are Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Sift Keying (FSK) and Amplitude Modulation (AM) [16,17]. The PLC advantage is to reduce the installation and maintenance costs of communication systems.…”