Generating short carbon fiber polyamide-6 composites from continuous carbon fiber – A preliminary examination of surface treatment and sizing effects

Hendlmeier, Andreas; Simon, Žan; Chutani, Aditya; Henderson, Luke C.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106058

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, for reference, we have included the literature values of neat, hot-pressed PA6, with a Young's modulus of 2.4 GPa, and the tensile strength was 65 MPa. [25] The flow of the polymer in AM has been shown to cause some alignment of the discontinuous fiber, also found in this work (see later). Thus, this directional dependence on printing orientation and increase in material stiffness has been attributed to the alignment of carbon fiber filaments within the printed material.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Printing Orientationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A sample with a fiber orientation between 0 < ±45 increases the tensile stress while everything larger than ±45 stays matrix dominated and the fibers do not contribute to the increase of composite strength. [25] When compared to the hot-pressed samples, again, these provided the nominal tensile strength (98.3 ± 6.8 MPa), though this is statistically indistinguishable from the 0 samples, similar to the trend observed for tensile modulus. In this instance, the hot-pressed samples provided values 55% higher than that of the ±45 specimens, again suggesting that another factor may be responsible for the slightly underperforming AM samples.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Printing Orientationsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…I G U R E 4 Thermogravimetric analysis of CarbonX™ Nylon +CF filament Distribution of filament lengths based on residual fibers post thermogravimetric analysis Directional influence of printing on tensile modulus. a Value for the neat polymer provided from ref [25]. …”

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confidence: 99%

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A comparison of compression molded and additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 samples and the effect of different infill printing patterns

et al. 2021

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Tensile samples were 3D printed using a commercially available 3D printing material, and the same material was pelletized and hot-pressed. The samples had a 0 , ±45 , and a 90 filling orientation and their tensile modulus and tensile strength of the samples were determined and compared between fabrication methods. A tensile modulus of 7.56 ± 0.35 GPa (0 ), 5.10 ± 0.13 GPa (±45 ), and 4.05 ± 0.13 GPa (90 ) was found, and the same trend was found for the tensile strength, 92.0 ± 9.5 MPa (0 ), 63.3 ± 8.3 MPa (±45 ), and 58.7 ± 2.2 MPa (90 ). The hot-pressed samples possessed a tensile modulus of 8.13 ± 0.8 GPa and tensile strength of 98.3 ± 6.8 MPa, very similar to that of the 0 printed samples. These results could be attributed to the printing mechanism and poor adhesion between each deposited composite layer was observed, contributing to the depressed properties. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted and the carbon fiber content per weight of the commercially sourced printing material was determined to be 13.9%, and the length of the filaments showed that more than 50% of all measured fragments were between 50 and 150 μm.

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Section: Evaluation Of Printing Orientationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Evaluation Of Printing Orientationsupporting

confidence: 66%

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A comparison of compression molded and additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 samples and the effect of different infill printing patterns

et al. 2021

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“…A similar observation was noted for CF-reinforced PP composites by Unterweger and his colleagues [35]. It has been reported that, due to the complexity of the CF's surface, sizing material composition, and differences in chemistry, a more comprehensive investigation into a cross-section of sizing materials should be conducted in future research [53].…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 70%

Comprehensive Review of the Properties and Modifications of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers are considered a promising composite for many industrial applications including in the automation, renewable energy, and aerospace industries. They exhibit exceptional properties such as a high strength-to-weight ratio and high wear resistance and stiffness, which give them an advantage over other conventional materials such as metals. Various polymers can be used as matrices such as thermosetting, thermoplastic, and elastomers polymers. This comprehensive review focuses on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers due to the advantages of thermoplastic compared to thermosetting and elastomer polymers. These advantages include recyclability, ease of processability, flexibility, and shorter production time. The related properties such as strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and stability, as well as electrical conductivity, are discussed in depth. Additionally, the modification techniques of the surface of carbon fiber, including the chemical and physical methods, are thoroughly explored. Overall, this review represents and summarizes the future prospective and research developments carried out on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers.

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“…The most studies published in the literature use continuous fibers as reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of the matrix, 16–19 because the mechanical properties of long‐/continuous‐fibers reinforced WPCs are higher than that of short‐fiber reinforced WPCs 20,21 . However, previous studies on long‐/continuous‐fibers reinforced WPCs are inadequate due to processing technology limitations 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short fibers and processing additives on HDPE composites properties reinforced with Pinus and Eucalyptus fibers

Mendes

Castro

Corrêa

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work aimed to investigate the effect of adding short fibers of Pinus and Eucalyptus, in different granulometry (24 and 200 mesh) and concentration (0–20 m/m), combined with processing aid Struktol TPW104 (S) in obtaining of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Overall, obtaining composites from short fibers caused relevant changes in the HDPE matrix, such as thermal stability, moisture barrier. In comparison to pure HDPE, the composites incorporated with 20% m/m of fibers, regardless of the type, decreased the melting temperature to 128°C and a wider crystallization temperature range. Another significant observation was the improvement of composites mechanical profile after adding the additive, the highest values were obtained for composites HDPEL20PS (35%—TS e 651%—EM) and HDPEL20ES (42%—TS e 681%—EM), showing good interaction and compatibility, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The same was verified with the mechanical results of flexion and impact. Therefore, the use of short fibers and processing aid was successful providing augmented mechanical properties and thermal stability, without negatively affecting their essential properties for industrial applications.

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Generating short carbon fiber polyamide-6 composites from continuous carbon fiber – A preliminary examination of surface treatment and sizing effects

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

A comparison of compression molded and additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 samples and the effect of different infill printing patterns

A comparison of compression molded and additively manufactured short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 samples and the effect of different infill printing patterns

Comprehensive Review of the Properties and Modifications of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

Effects of short fibers and processing additives on HDPE composites properties reinforced with Pinus and Eucalyptus fibers

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