Generation and expulsion history of oil-source rock (Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation) in the Kurdistan of north Iraq, Zagros folded belt: Implications from 1D basin modeling study

Hakimi, Mohammed Hail; Najaf, Ahmed A.; Abdula, Rzger A.; Mohialdeen, Ibrahim M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.11.013

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The specialized part is mainly aimed at the extraction of sulfur from the deposits of this raw material (one tenth of the total sulfur production on the planet). The specialized sulfur native ores are in Iraq (about 335 million tons) [ 48 ], the United States (200 million tons) [ 49 ], Chile (100 million tons) [ 50 ] and Mexico (100 million tons) [ 51 ]. Large deposits have also been explored in Poland [ 52 ], Ukraine [ 53 ], Russia [ 54 ], Turkmenistan [ 55 ] and on the Japanese islands [ 56 ].…”

Section: Production Of Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardened sulfur-based concrete is practically not subject to shrinkage. After 120 days, the signs of the indicators were insignificant and comparable in magnitude to the deformations from temperature fluctuations, that is, proportional to the coefficient of linear thermal expansion [ 48 , 125 ]. The frost resistance of sulfur-based concrete shows a sharp decrease in strength during the first 50 cycles; however, in the future up to 500 cycles, the decrease in strength is quite insignificant.…”

Section: Sulfur In the Concrete Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete

et al. 2020

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The incessant demand for concrete is predicted to increase due to the fast construction developments worldwide. This demand requires a huge volume of cement production that could cause an ecological issue such as increasing the rates of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. This motivated several scholars to search for various alternatives for cement and one of such alternatives is called sulfur-based concrete. This concrete composite contributes to reduce the amount of cement required to make conventional concrete. Sulfur can be used as a partial-alternate binder to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to produce sulfur-based concrete, which is a composite matrix of construction materials collected mostly from aggregates and sulfur. Sulfur modified concrete outperforms conventional concrete in terms of rapid gain of early strength, low shrinkage, low thermal conductivity, high durability resistance and excellent adhesion. On the basis of mentioned superior characteristics of sulfur-based concrete, it can be applied as a leading construction material for underground utility systems, dams and offshore structures. Therefore, this study reviews the sources, emissions from construction enterprises and compositions of sulfur; describes the production techniques and properties of sulfur; and highlights related literature to generate comprehensive insights into the potential applications of sulfur-based concrete in the construction industry today.

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Section: Production Of Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur In the Concrete Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete

et al. 2020

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“…The dominant proved hydrocarbons were expelled from organic rich shale and carbonate rocks of Triassic and Jurassic formations and entrapped in the heterogeneous and highly fractured carbonate reservoir rocks of the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in Zagros folded belt [8,9,10 ]. The investigated source rocks have variable potentiality and distinctive geochemical properties [11,12,13]. Besides of the source rock potentiality behaviors of the Triassic-Jurassic rocks throughout the Kurdistan region fields, these successions are considered as a productive reservoir rocks including the Upper Triassic Kurra Chine Formation in Shaikan Field [14] Jurassic Barsarin, Sargelu, Alan, Mus, Adaiyah, Butmah Formations in Atrush field [ 15] and Jurassic Sargelu, Mus and Butmah formations in the Shaikan Field [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Productivity Analysis of Intercalated limestone and Anhydrite Beds in Zagros Folded Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Rashid¹

2020

KJAR

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The Early Jurassic rock of Alan Formation in Barda Rash field has been examined using petrophysical wireline log analysis, drilling stem test, mud logging reports, drilling cutting and core samples for evaluation of reservoir potentiality and fluid production throughout heterogeneous rocks intervals in three exploration and appraisal wells. The Alan Formation consists of intercalation of light, chalky and argillaceous limestone beds with shale layers in the upper part and dominantly anhydrite layers from the middle to the lower parts of the formation. Qualitatively, weak oil shows of light brown to dark brown and blackish heavy oil have been observed while drilling. Furthermore, light brown trace oil has been recorded in the fracture surfaces of the core samples. The wireline log analysis provided an overestimated result for the hydrocarbon bearing interval identification and fluid movability index as the anhydrite layers confused the fluid distribution detection in the drilled interval. However, the combined results achieved from the mud logging reports and drilling stem tests were operated within the drilled intervals shown a limited productivity levels from the limestone beds of the Early Jurassic Alan Formation. The oil production from the studied interval does not exceed 10% and the entire production rates were composed of formation water with a trace amount of gases. As a result, the Early Jurassic Alan Formation can be considered as a tight carbonate reservoir rocks in the Barda Rash field.

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“…Basin modelling is a very useful tool useful in examining the petroleum potentials of hydrocarbon sources during hydrocarbon exploration (e.g. Andersen et al, 2005;Cukur et al, 2012, Hadad et al, 2017, Hakimi and Ahmed 2016, Hakimi et al, 2018. Therefore, basin modelling provides valuable information including but not limited to the thermal maturation, transformation of kerogen to hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon expulsion, and depth of mature source rocks in a hydrocarbon-rich basin (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, basin modelling provides valuable information including but not limited to the thermal maturation, transformation of kerogen to hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon expulsion, and depth of mature source rocks in a hydrocarbon-rich basin (e.g. Andersen et al, 2005;Cukur et al, 2012, Hadad et al, 2017, Hakimi and Ahmed 2016, Hakimi et al, 2018. As important as basin modelling, this approach of hydrocarbon exploration is extremely scarce in the Gulf of Thailand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Generation Potentials of Cenozoic Lacustrine Source Rocks: Gulf of Thailand, Southeast Asia

Akinlotan¹,

Jolly²,

Anyiam³

2018

International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences

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Several hydrocarbon-rich Cenozoic basins are scattered across Southeast Asia and they present excellent opportunity to examine these rich but under-explored basins. These near-shore basins have petroleum potentials that are associated with the Oligocene-Miocene fluvio-lacustrine multipetroleum systems but are largely underexplored. This study evaluates the petroleum source potentials of some selected Cenozoic basins via maturation modelling analysis, burial and heat flow histories. ZetaWare's Genesis modelling software was used for the study with burial history and thermal history parameters (vitrinite, TOC and HI). The maximum transformation of kerogen to hydrocarbon for source rocks in these basins may be as high as 80-100%. Analyses showed that threshold maturity for maximum hydrocarbon expulsion is around 1.0% vitrinite reflectance (Ro). Thermal maturation is accentuated with depth-especially southward and offshore. Source rocks in the Western (central) and Hua Hin (north) Basins are the most prolific (with up to 400 mgHC/gtoc); least prolific sources are in the Western (north and south) Basin with 96-120 mgHC/gtoc and 40-50 mgHC/gtoc respectively. These sources have expelled only secondary amount of gas (11-80mg/gtoc) because they are oil prone sources. Oil to gas expulsion ratio of 7:1 is estimated. Hydrocarbon expulsion started in the Late Miocene after the emplacement of all necessary traps. Deeply buried sources show good prospects for possible residual hydrocarbon generation. Moreover, all the modelled wells displayed source rocks that expelled significant quantity of hydrocarbon. All these basins show strong correlation with Pattani Basin, the most prolific hydrocarbon-bearing basin in the Gulf of Thailand.

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Generation and expulsion history of oil-source rock (Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation) in the Kurdistan of north Iraq, Zagros folded belt: Implications from 1D basin modeling study

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

A Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete

A Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete

Reservoir Productivity Analysis of Intercalated limestone and Anhydrite Beds in Zagros Folded Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Hydrocarbon Generation Potentials of Cenozoic Lacustrine Source Rocks: Gulf of Thailand, Southeast Asia

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