Generation and Oxidative Reactivity of a Ni(II) Superoxo Complex via Ligand-Based Redox Non-Innocence

Abstract

Metal ligand cooperativity is a powerful strategy in transition metal chemistry. This type of mechanism for the activation of O<sub>2</sub> is best exemplified by heme centers in biological systems. While aerobic oxidations with Fe and Cu are well precedented, Ni-based oxidations are frequently less common due to less-accessible metal-based redox couples. Some Ni enzymes utilize special ligand environments for tuning the Ni(II)/(III) redox couple such as strongly donating thiolates in Ni superoxide dismutase. A recently characterized example of a Ni-containing protein, however, suggests an alternative strategy for mediating redox chemistry with Ni by utilizing ligand-based reducing equivalents to enable oxygen binding. While this mechanism has little synthetic precedent, we show here that Ni complexes of the redox-active ligand<i><sup> t</sup></i><sup>Bu,Tol</sup>DHP (<i><sup>t</sup></i><sup>Bu,Tol</sup>DHP = 2,5-bis((2-<i>t</i>-butylhydrazono)(<i>p</i>-tolyl)methyl)-pyrrole) activate O<sub>2</sub> to generate a Ni(II) superoxo complex via ligand-based electron transfer. This superoxo complex is competent for stoichiometric oxidation chemistry with alcohols and hydrocarbons. This work demonstrates that coupling ligand-based redox chemistry with<b> </b>functionally redox-inactive Ni centers enables oxidative transformations more commonly mediated by metals such as Fe and Cu.