Generation current of charged micelles in nonaqueous liquids: Measurements and simulations

Strubbe, Filip; Verschueren, Alwin R. M.; Schlangen, Luc J. M.; Beunis, Filip; Neyts, Kristiaan

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.050

Cited by 79 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such information cannot be achieved using just polarizing voltages (0 V→ V) since this provides only the generation rate of charged inverse micelles but not the mobility or the concentration separately. 34 At the same time the amplitude and shape of the measured currents confirm that the newly generated charges are formed by a bulk disproportionation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Then the equilibrium concentration of charges in the bulk is much lower than the equilibrium concentration. 27,31,34 In these surfactant systems, at applied voltages above 1 V, the initially present charged inverse micelles can be separated, leaving the bulk almost depleted of charge. 16, 27−30 The charged inverse micelles which are attracted to the electrodes do not adsorb at the interfaces but instead form a diffuse double layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing Generated Charged Inverse Micelles with Transient Current Measurements

2015

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ABSTRACT:We investigate the generation of charged inverse micelles in nonpolar surfactant solutions relevant for applications such as electronic ink displays and liquid toners. When a voltage is applied across a thin layer of a nonpolar surfactant solution between planar electrodes, the generation of charged inverse micelles leads to a generation current. From current measurements it appears that such charged inverse micelles generated in the presence of an electric field behave differently compared to those present in equilibrium in the absence of a field. To examine the origin of this difference, transient current measurements in which the applied voltage is suddenly increased are used to measure the mobility and the amount of generated charged inverse micelles. The mobility and the corresponding hydrodynamic size are found to be similar to those of charged inverse micelles present in equilibrium, which indicates that other properties determine their different behavior. The amplitude and shape of the transient currents measured as a function of the surfactant concentration confirm that the charged inverse micelles are generated by bulk disproportionation. A theoretical model based on bulk disproportionation with simulations and analytical approximations is developed to analyze the experimental transient currents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Generated Charged Inverse Micelles with Transient Current Measurements

2015

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“…In thermal equilibrium, a small fraction of inverse micelles is charged by different mechanisms, the two most common being disproportionation and dissociation. 29 The concentrations of positive and negative charged micelles are denoted as n + and n − (m −3 ). Assuming the valency of charged micelles z to be ±1 12,30 and from charge conservation, we can conclude that n + = n − at t = 0.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For OLOA1200, the current on a shorter time scale represents the motion of initially charged inverse micelles under the influence of an electric field that can be modeled accurately with drift and diffusion. 29 On a longer time scale, a nonzero steady-state current exists, which can be explained by the generation of charged inverse micelles in the bulk of the solution 29 and by surface generation. 33 For AOT, the generation rate of charged AOT micelles is much larger than that of charged OLOA micelles and is sufficient to maintain the equilibrium concentration of charged inverse micelles in the bulk, even when a field is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Various Types of Inverse Micelles in Nonpolar Liquids Using Transient Current Measurements

Karvar¹,

Strubbe²,

Beunis³

et al. 2014

Langmuir

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Transient current measurements are used to characterize a wide variety of charge carriers in nonpolar liquids. The transient current method allows us to obtain both the concentration and mobility of charge carriers and therefore also the hydrodynamic radius using Stokes' law. In this article, five different surfactants in dodecane are investigated: OLOA11K, Solsperse13940, Span80, Span85, and AOT. We show that different types of currents are observed depending on the size of the inverse micelles. For large inverse micelles such as for OLOA11K, Solsperse13940, and Span80, the measurement of the transient current is straightforward because of the low steady-state current level. However, for small inverse micelles such as AOT and Span85, the current from the generation of charges is much larger such that high voltages, a small distance between the electrodes, and dielectric coatings on the electrodes are required to measure the signal related to the initially present charged inverse micelles. The estimated hydrodynamic radii of AOT and Span85, the two smallest inverse micelles, are in good agreement with the values reported in the literature. The comparison of the transient currents with simulations indicates that the dynamics of the charge transport are well-understood.

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“…16,17 There have been some reports that a dielectric liquid containing various additives flows under an electrical field. 18,19 In the present article, we have shown that, under a stationary DC field, not only convective directional flow but also regular rotary motion is generated. It may be possible to move a micrometer-sized object driven by the generated fluidic flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Rotary motion of a micro-solid particle under a stationary difference of electric potential

Kurimura

Mori

Miki

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The periodic rotary motion of spherical sub-millimeter-sized plastic objects is generated under a direct-current electric field in an oil phase containing a small amount of anionic or cationic surfactant. Twin-rotary motion is observed between a pair of counter-electrodes; i.e., two vortices are generated simultaneously, where the line between the centers of rotation lies perpendicular to the line between the tips of the electrodes. Interestingly, this twin rotational motion switches to the reverse direction when an anionic surfactant is replaced by a cationic surfactant. We discuss the mechanism of this self-rotary motion in terms of convective motion in the oil phase where nanometer-sized inverted micelles exist. The reversal of the direction of rotation between anionic and cationic surfactants is attributable to the difference in the charge sign of inverted micelles with surfactants. We show that the essential features in the experimental trends can be reproduced through a simple theoretical model, which supports the validity of the above mechanism.

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Generation current of charged micelles in nonaqueous liquids: Measurements and simulations

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

Characterizing Generated Charged Inverse Micelles with Transient Current Measurements

Characterizing Generated Charged Inverse Micelles with Transient Current Measurements

Investigation of Various Types of Inverse Micelles in Nonpolar Liquids Using Transient Current Measurements

Rotary motion of a micro-solid particle under a stationary difference of electric potential

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