Generation of 1.5 MW–140 GHz Pulses With the Modular Pre-Prototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Ioannidis, Zisis C.; Avramidis, Konstantinos A.; Rzesnicki, T.; Chelis, Ioannis; Gantenbein, G.; Illy, S.; Jin, Jianbo; Pagonakis, I.; Thumm, M.; Jelonnek, John

doi:10.1109/led.2021.3073221

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additional findings of this study have been the following: (i) The 1.5 MW 140 pre-prototype gyrotron for W7-X behaves as simulated. This, combined with the fact that the gyrotron achieved the targeted performance of efficient 1.5 MW operation [8], verifies the beam optics and RF design as well as the correct fabrication and alignment of the tube components. (ii) Although the simulation results with and without consideration of possible after-cavity interaction (ACI) in the gyrotron launcher are within the error bar of the experimental results, the shape of the experimental power curves resembles better that of the simulation curves when ACI is considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The electron optics and RF design is identical in the two gyrotrons, allowing for experimental validation of the design in ms pulses before the final construction of the CW prototype. This validation was indeed achieved by the first experimental campaign with the short-pulse pre-prototype, which took place at KIT in August-September 2020 and produced excellent results [8]. Stable operation in the design cavity mode TE28,10 was demonstrated in 0.5-1 ms pulses, while the output power reached 1.6 MW with 30% efficiency in non-depressed collector operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Second, an agreement between simulation and experiment, suggesting that the gyrotron behaves as expected, provides also a powerful validation of the gyrotron design and fabrication. In this sense, the present paper is complementing the experimental findings and design validation given in [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Multifaceted Simulations Reproducing Experimental Results From the 1.5-MW 140-GHz Preprototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Avramidis

Ioannidis

Illy

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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A multifaceted simulation procedure, addressing the electron beam properties, the beam-wave interaction, and the internal losses, has been used for the simulation of the experimental operation of a 1.5 MW 140 GHz short-pulse preprototype gyrotron. The pre-prototype is related to the development of 1.5 MW gyrotrons for the upgrade of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating system at the stellarator W7-X. A very good reproduction of experimental results has been achieved by simulation, without resorting to arbitrary speculations. This validated the numerical tools as well as the design and fabrication of the short-pulse pre-prototype, which fully reached the target of efficient 1.5 MW operation in ms pulses. Special attention has been given in simulating the possibility of parasitic after-cavity interaction in the gyrotron launcher. Also, parasitic backwardwave excitation in the gyrotron cavity has been demonstrated by simulation, at a frequency and voltage range in agreement with experimentally observed parasitic oscillations. This offers an additional possibility with respect to the origin of deleterious parasitic oscillations in high-power gyrotrons, which are usually attributed mainly to the gyrotron beam tunnel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Multifaceted Simulations Reproducing Experimental Results From the 1.5-MW 140-GHz Preprototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Avramidis

Ioannidis

Illy

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…These results validated the scientific design of the gun, the beam tunnel, and the cavity. A detailed account of the first experimental campaign is given in [31].…”

Section: Experimental Validation Of the Scientific Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a 1.5 MW, 140 GHz gyrotron for the upgraded ECRH system at W7-X

Avramidis

Ioannidis

Aiello

et al. 2021

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Among these large-scale scientific facilities, some require gyrotrons at high frequencies [9], such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [15], the stellarator W7-X [16], DEMO [17], DIII-D [18], EAST [19,20] and HL-2A [9,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experimental results of a 28 GHz, 400 kW gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating

Sun

Huang

et al. 2023

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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A high power 28 GHz gyrotron has been successfully developed at Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (IAE-CAEP). This gyrotron was designed for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) at spherical tokamak XL-50. A diode magnetron injection gun (MIG) was designed to produce the required gyrating electron beam. The gyrotron operates at the TE8,3 mode in a cylindrical open cavity. An internal quasi-optical mode converter was designed to convert the operating mode into a fundamental Gaussian wave beam and separate the spent electron beam from the outgoing microwave power. A tube has been built and successfully tested. The operational frequency of the tube is 28.1 GHz. For beam parameters at an accelerating voltage of 71 kV and beam current of 16 A, the gyrotron has delivered an output power of 400 kW, with a pulse length of 5 s. The output efficiency is about 50% with a single stage depressed collector. The gyrotron has been installed on XL-50 and played an important role in the ECRH experiments.

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Generation of 1.5 MW–140 GHz Pulses With the Modular Pre-Prototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Multifaceted Simulations Reproducing Experimental Results From the 1.5-MW 140-GHz Preprototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Multifaceted Simulations Reproducing Experimental Results From the 1.5-MW 140-GHz Preprototype Gyrotron for W7-X

Towards a 1.5 MW, 140 GHz gyrotron for the upgraded ECRH system at W7-X

Design and experimental results of a 28 GHz, 400 kW gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating

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