Sericin (SC) is a component of silk protein in the silkworm cocoon. Silk protein consists of fibroin as the fiber and SC as the glue. SC comprises 25-30% of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoon.1) Although SC is composed of 18 different amino acids, it contains a high number of polar side chains with hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups.1) Isolation and characterization of SC components from the cocoon of Bombyx mori showed that SC primarily consists of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 150, 250 and 400 kDa. The phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) method 2) showed that the amino acid compositions of all three SC have high contents of serine (Ser, 33.2-39.0%), glycine (Gly, 14.1-16.0%) and aspartic acid/asparagine (Asp/Asn, 11.3-15.7%). The structural analysis and cloning of SC genes Ser1 and Ser2 (Src-2) have been described. [3][4][5][6] Correspondence of the amino acid composition of SC with these genes suggested that the 150-and 400-kDa SCs correspond to Ser1 proteins (77-331 kDa) encoded by the Ser1 gene, and that the 250-kDa SC corresponds to S-2 protein (227 kDa) encoded by the Src-2 gene.2) The most abundant component is the largest SC (400 kDa), which corresponds to the Ser1C protein (331 kDa).2) A repetitive 38-amino acid sequence rich in Ser (40%) dominates a large part of the Ser1C protein and is predicted to have a strong tendency to form b-sheet structure. Another part of the Ser1C protein is hydrophilic and has a high content of charged residues including acidic (glutamic acid (Glu) and Asp) and basic (lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg)) amino acids. 6) In contrast, the 250-kDa SC polypeptide, which corresponds to S-2 protein (227 kDa), has less bsheet forming propensity and higher hydrophilicity than the 150-and 400-kDa polypeptides. This is because the 250-kDa SC contains larger amounts of b-sheet breaking residues like Glu, glutamine (Gln) and Lys, and smaller amounts of bsheet favoring residues like threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) compared to the 150-and 400-kDa SCs.
2)Historically, sericulture was widely carried out to support the silk spinning and weaving industry in Japan. SC was degraded into low molecular weight fragments by a silk scouring process and released as a waste product.1) However, recent progress in transgenic technology has produced strains of transgenic silkworms that secrete recombinant proteins such as vaccines and cytokines in the SC of their cocoons. 7,8) Furthermore, the modification of silk protein properties by transgenic silkworms is now being attempted. Takabayashi reported the applicability of silk fibroin, expressed with a cell attachment factor, in the construction of biocompatible and biodegradable artificial blood vessels.9,10) Thus, modified silk protein as a functional material and a generator of recombinant protein is a promising new direction in the field of sericulture.In a study of the application of SC as a biomaterial, SC was reported to enhance the attachment of cultured human skin fibroblasts.11) In addition, SC hydrogel sheets containing a mixture of water ...