Generation of Cost-Effective Paper-Based Tissue Models through Matrix-Assisted Sacrificial 3D Printing

Abstract

Due to the combined advantages of cellulose and nanoscale (diameter 20-60 nm), bacterial cellulose possesses a series of attractive features including its natural origin, moderate biosynthesis process, good biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, bacterial cellulose nanofibers can be conveniently processed into three-dimensional (3D) intertwined structures and form stable paper devices after simple drying. These advantages make it suitable as the material for construction of organ-on-a-chip devices using matrix-assisted sacrificial 3D printing. We successfully fabricated various microchannel structures embedded in the bulk bacterial cellulose hydrogels and retained their integrity after the drying process. Interestingly, these paper-based devices containing hollow microchannels could be rehydrated and populated with relevant cells to form vascularized tissue models. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we seeded human

Symbiotic Photosynthetic Oxygenation within 3D-Bioprinted Vascularized Tissues

“…20 Another approach relies on incorporation of vascular channels, with or without relevant cells, within the tissue constructs. 10 3D bioprinting allows rapid fabrication of vascular channels within volumetric tissue constructs using sacrificial (bio)inks, such as Pluronic F127, 13 gelatin, 21 agarose, 22 and hydrocarbons, 23 within the tissue scaffolds, which after removal create perfusable microchannels that can be seeded with vascular cells for angiogenic sprouting and/or implanted in vivo to promote the formation of vascular networks. 24,25 Very recently, photosynthetic microalgae have been attempted as a source of O 2 in engineered tissue constructs.…”

Cellulose‐Based Flexible Functional Materials for Emerging Intelligent Electronics

“…b) Some processing technologies for preparing cellulose‐based flexible functional materials, including electrospinning methods; spray‐coating; microfluidic spinning; and 3D printing. c–j) Various cellulose‐based advanced materials of lithium iron phosphate electrodes, [ 44 ] photovoltaic cells (PV), [ 45 ] conductive composite membrane, [ 46 ] foldable batteries, [ 47 ] planar micro‐supercapacitors, [ 39 ] tissue gels, [ 48 ] blend hydrogels, [ 49 ] and conductive aerogels. [ 50 ] b) Image for electrospinning methods: Reproduced with permission.…”

Cellulose Composites with Graphene for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…The obtained devices were tested as vascularized breast tumor models by seeding green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inside the microchannels and MCF-7 cells on the surrounding cellulosic matrix. The drug response of the tissue model was also evaluated by injecting tamoxifen in the endothelialized microchannels [ 81 ].…”