Generation of energy from salinity gradients using capacitive reverse electro dialysis: a review

Govindarasu, R.; Rajkumar, P.; Narayanan, Meyyappan

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12188-8

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…In that case, SGE is first converted into the mechanical energy of hydraulic turbines, then converted into the electricity. The second method is RED, ,,, depicted in Figure B. RED utilizes a battery-like device to directly convert SGE into electricity.…”

Section: Foundational Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Two-Dimensional Ion-Selective Membranes: Bridging Nanoscale Insights to Industrial-Scale Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting

Ma,

Neek-Amal,

Sun

2024

ACS Nano

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Salinity gradient energy, often referred to as the Gibbs free energy difference between saltwater and freshwater, is recognized as "blue energy" due to its inherent cleanliness, renewability, and continuous availability. Reverse electrodialysis (RED), relying on ion-selective membranes, stands as one of the most prevalent and promising methods for harnessing salinity gradient energy to generate electricity. Nevertheless, conventional RED membranes face challenges such as insufficient ion selectivity and transport rates and the difficulty of achieving the minimum commercial energy density threshold of 5 W/m 2 . In contrast, two-dimensional nanostructured materials, featuring nanoscale channels and abundant functional groups, offer a breakthrough by facilitating rapid ion transport and heightened selectivity. This comprehensive review delves into the mechanisms of osmotic power generation within a single nanopore and nanochannel, exploring optimal nanopore dimensions and nanochannel lengths. We subsequently examine the current landscape of power generation using two-dimensional nanostructured materials in laboratory-scale settings across various test areas. Furthermore, we address the notable decline in power density observed as test areas expand and propose essential criteria for the industrialization of two-dimensional ion-selective membranes. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, outlining future research directions, including scalable membrane fabrication, enhanced environmental adaptability, and integration into multiple industries. This review aims to bridge the gap between previous laboratory-scale investigations of two-dimensional ion-selective membranes in salinity gradient energy conversion and their potential largescale industrial applications.

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Section: Foundational Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Two-Dimensional Ion-Selective Membranes: Bridging Nanoscale Insights to Industrial-Scale Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting

Ma,

Neek-Amal,

Sun

2024

ACS Nano

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“…The salt gradient energy originates from the salt concentration gradient in a given media which is naturally produced at the river–sea interface due to the salinity difference of the two water bodies. − Although the energy density from this energy harvesting strategy is several magnitudes lower than most existing energy production methods, it still holds great promise in the current energy crisis scenario due to its noncontamination and abundant water resource on the Earth. In order to make full use of this energy, reverse electrodialysis (RED) is recognized as an efficient approach to convert the salinity gradient into energy, but the high cost and labor-intensive fabrication process of the required ion exchange membrane hampers its scalability and industrial application. − …”

Section: Applications Of Cellulose-based Icsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices

Lizundia

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.

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“…(v) A proper spacer should be designed to provide homogeneous flow distribution, cut down on shielding effect, and lower pressure drop and pollution. (vi) The efficiency of RED could be affected by the intermembrane distance, and the smaller the intermembrane distance, the higher the efficiency. − …”

Section: Technologies For Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and Materials of Mixing Entropy Battery and Capacitor for Future Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energy

Zhou

Zhang

Han

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The salinity gradient energy, also known as "blue energy", widely exists at the junction of river water and seawater, which is a promising renewable energy. When two solutions with different salt concentrations are mixed, they will spontaneously release energy. The blue energy is in the form of chemical energy. The available salinity gradient energy all over the world is huge, so the study of it is of great significance. In this review, various techniques and their principles for obtaining salinity gradient energy are reviewed, and the mixing entropy battery (MEB) technique is introduced in detail. The MEB can not only extract but also store electrochemical energy through a simple four-step cycle. We focus on the principles of MEB and the calculation of energy consumption during the process of mixing, as well as the anode materials, cathode materials, and natural electrolyte used in MEB. The electrolyte of the mixing entropy battery or capacitor is not limited to river and seawater; salt-lake brine, geothermal water, and urban wastewater can also be used, but further research is needed.

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Generation of energy from salinity gradients using capacitive reverse electro dialysis: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 100 publications

Advances in Two-Dimensional Ion-Selective Membranes: Bridging Nanoscale Insights to Industrial-Scale Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting

Advances in Two-Dimensional Ion-Selective Membranes: Bridging Nanoscale Insights to Industrial-Scale Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting

Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices

Principles and Materials of Mixing Entropy Battery and Capacitor for Future Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energy

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