Generation of Heat in Wood Between 80 and 130 °C

Kübler, H.; Wang, Yiren; Barkalow, David

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1985.39.2.85

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the experimental conditions vary greatly between these measurements, for example, some are made with dry and some with wet materials. The thermal powers measured in the present study are lower than those measured by Walker and Harrison [5], but in good agreement with figures given by Kubler [3] based on experiments done by Kubler et al [20]. Both Walker and Harrison, and Kubler et al measured differences in temperature between the centre and the surface of relatively large specimens of sawdust kept in ventilated containers in ovens.…”

Section: Temperature Dependencesupporting

confidence: 91%

Measuring chemical heat production rates of biofuels by isothermal calorimetry for hazardous evaluation modelling

Wadsö

2006

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYBiofuels are commonly stored in large stacks that may heat up and self-ignite from microbiological and chemical heat production. This paper shows how isothermal (heat conduction) calorimetry can be used to measure heat production rates of biofuels at relatively low temperatures close to where self-heating starts to become a problem. Measurements can be made to assess how the reaction rate is a function of such factors as temperature, extent of reaction, oxygen pressure, water content and the presence of catalytic compounds. In the present paper, measurements on pellets made of wood and bark are presented together with an analysis of how the reaction rate of the bark pellets depends on the oxygen pressure. It is also shown that 1% iron or copper ions increased the reaction rate of wood pellets by a factor of three.

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Section: Temperature Dependencesupporting

confidence: 91%

Measuring chemical heat production rates of biofuels by isothermal calorimetry for hazardous evaluation modelling

Wadsö

2006

Fire and Materials

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“…Because of the exothermic nature of these reactions, the temperature in the measured positions still increased up to approximately 241°C (beech) and 215°C (spruce). This fact is well documented in the literature (Johansson and Moren 2005;Younsi et al 2008 and2007;Kubler et al 2009). In stage IV, the maximum temperature difference between the monitored positions was around 22°C (beech) and 8°C (spruce).…”

Section: Temperature Fieldsupporting

confidence: 55%

Measured temperature and moisture profiles during thermal modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) wood

2013

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Measured temperature and moisture profiles during thermal modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) wood Abstract: The temperature and moisture profiles during thermal modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) wood have been investigated. Specimens with dimensions of 80 × 80 × 200 mm 3 were heat treated based on ThermoWood technology. Heat transfer was continuously measured by several thermocouples placed into various positions of the samples. In the course of the treatment, samples were removed from the chamber at different times, and their moisture content (MC) was measured by the so-called slicing technique. The complete data of heat and moisture movement during the heat treatment process are presented. Significant temperature gradients occur in the initial and modification stages of the process. In the latter, the chamber temperature was 200°C for 3 h, but exothermic reaction increased the sample temperatures to 240°C (beech) and 215°C (spruce). Thermodiffusion (Soret effect) at the beginning of the process was observed. Therefore, the MC under surfaces (in transverse and in longitudinal direction) was increasing ∼0.5%-3% for 5 h. The results provide a better insight into details of thermal modification of wood.

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“…Research studies conducted by Back and Allen [14], Höll and Pieczonka [15], and Piispanen and Saranpä ä [16] on woody biomass (Scots pine and Norway spruce) indicated that triglycerides undergo auto-oxidation in the presence of temperature and emit off-gases like CO and hexanal. Springer and Hajny [34], Kuber et al [35], and Kuber [36,37] have established that auto-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and other extractives leads to spontaneous heating of wood chips and sawdust during storage. According to Levitt et al [38], when stored at room temperature (particularly in the presence of air and light), organic matter emits small amounts of CO and the emissions are accelerated at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass

Tumuluru

Lim

et al. 2015

Energies

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Wood chips, torrefied wood chips, ground switchgrass, and wood pellets were tested for off-gas emissions during storage. Storage canisters with gas-collection ports were used to conduct experiments at room temperature of 20 °C and in a laboratory oven set at 40 °C . Commercially-produced wood pellets yielded the highest carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at both 20 and 40 °C (1600 and 13,000 ppmv), whereas torrefied wood chips emitted the lowest of about <200 and <2000 ppmv. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wood pellets were 3000 ppmv and 42,000 ppmv, whereas torrefied wood chips registered at about 2000 and 25,000 ppmv, at 20 and 40 °C at the end of 11 days of storage. CO emission factors (milligrams per kilogram of biomass) calculated were lowest for ground switchgrass and torrefied wood chips (2.68 and 4.86 mg/kg) whereas wood pellets had the highest CO of OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1746 about 10.60 mg/kg, respectively, at 40 °C after 11 days of storage. In the case of CO2, wood pellets recorded the lowest value of 55.46 mg/kg, whereas switchgrass recorded the highest value of 318.72 mg/kg. This study concludes that CO emission factor is highest for wood pellets, CO2 is highest for switchgrass and CH4 is negligible for all feedstocks except for wood pellets, which is about 0.374 mg/kg at the end of 11-day storage at 40 °C.

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Generation of Heat in Wood Between 80 and 130 °C

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Measuring chemical heat production rates of biofuels by isothermal calorimetry for hazardous evaluation modelling

Measuring chemical heat production rates of biofuels by isothermal calorimetry for hazardous evaluation modelling

Measured temperature and moisture profiles during thermal modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) wood

Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass

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