Generation of High Speed Polarization Modulated Data Using a Monolithically Integrated Device

Comparison of Cross-section Profile Designs for Integrated Polarization Mode Controllers

“…It is therefore possible to deep etch the waveguide and simultaneously produce a shallow-etched slot. For each slot width chosen, the depth of the slot is critical to the device performance, as even an overor under-etch of 50 nm affects the conversion efficiency [1][2].…”

“…Several designs of integrated polarization mode controller (PMC) have been reported over the past two decades. Asymmetric waveguides have been achieved through inclines, slots and periodically loaded waveguides, and applications have mostly focused on polarization multiplex in communications at the 1.55 μm wavelength [1][2][3][4][5][6]. New application areas for polarization control include the quantum technology field, where polarized light is used in precision measurement applications utilizing technologies such as atom cooling and coherent population trapping [7][8].…”

“…The first type is a reactive ion etching (RIE) lag-based structure incorporating a slot into the waveguide. Due to RIE lag, the dry etch depth depends on the width of the feature such that a narrower feature etches to a shallower depth [1][2]. The second type is an asymmetrically deep-etched waveguide so that the etch depth is deeper on one side of the waveguide [11].…”

Polarimetry for Photonic Integrated Circuits

“…Fiber-based systems introduce unknown rotations in the fibers, while free-space systems are challenging to align and automate. This is why typically, measurements are carried out in terms of extinction ratios between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic components (TE and TM) rather than full polarimetric measurements [1][2][3][4][5]. Consequently, information on the relative phase between TE and TM gets lost, leaving the birefringence of a device impossible to characterize directly.…”