Generation of Kerwin‐Huelsman‐Newcomb biquad filter circuits using nodal admittance matrix expansion

Abstract

SUMMARYNodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion is used to generate a family of grounded passive component Kerwin Huelsman Newcomb (KHN) circuits. The generated KHN circuits have independent control on the selectivity factor and the radian frequency as in the original KHN, besides they have independent control on the gain, which is not achievable in the original KHN circuit. The NAM expansion is based on using nullor elements and voltage mirror and current mirror as well. Two types of the KHN circuit are considered, each includes four classes. For each class it is found that there are 32 different KHN circuit; therefore, there is a total of 128 circuits that belong to type-A KHN and a similar number for type-B KHN circuits. Simulation results are included to support the generation method.

Derivation for current-mode Wien oscillators using CCCCTAs

“…(13). Therefore, the condition for oscillation and the oscillation frequency are the same form as Eqs.…”

“…On the basis of the NAM expansion method [9][10][11][12][13][14], initiating (6a) and taking into account the class I oscillators with five nodes, the first step in the NAM expansion is to add two blank rows and columns, and then use a nullator to link columns 2 and 4 to move two -G 1 from column 2 to column 4, A first current mirror is then connected rows 3 and 4 to move ±G 1 from position 3, 1 and 3, 4 to the position 4, 1 and 4, 4 with inverted signs respectively, as described in (7).…”

On the existence of chaos in the electronically adjustable structures of the state variable filters

“…Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb biquadratic filters can be derived in different variations, which work in a voltage-mode [25][26][27], current-mode [28][29][30][31], or its combination, the so-called mixed-mode [32][33][34] operational regime. In all the cases, a necessary dynamics is achieved by lossless integrators.…”

Realization of KHN and Tt Filters Using Ddccta Block

“…There are four classes for each KHN type A or B, given in Tables 2 and 3 Table 3. Circuit equations of the three stages of the type B -KHN [24] Class Summer stage Integrator 1…”

“…respectively[24].Note that V 1 represents the High Pass response (HP), V 2 represents the Band Pass response (BP), V 3 represents the Low Pass response (LP) and V 4 represents the input voltage. Circuit equations of the three stages of the type A -KHN[24] …”