Generation of optical Schrödinger cat states in intense laser–matter interactions

Lewenstein, Maciej; Ciappina, M. F.; Pisanty, Emilio; Rivera-Dean, Javier; Stammer, Philipp; Lamprou, Theocharis; Tzallas, P.

doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01317-w

Cited by 97 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Beyond this, like Ref. [22], it further demonstrates the fundamental non-classicality of such processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Following a trend of non-classicality, the inherent quantum nature of attosecond and strong-field physics was revealed recently through the generation of highly non-classical states of light in the driving field for highharmonic generation and above-threshold ionization [22,23]. Similarly, there has been a steady and growing interest in the role of entanglement in attosecond processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Maxwell,

Madsen,

Lewenstein

2021

Preprint

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We demonstrate entanglement between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of two photoelectrons ionized via the strongly correlated process of non-sequential double ionization (NSDI). Due to the quantization of OAM, this entanglement is easily quantified and has a simple physical interpretation in terms of conservation laws. We explore detection by an entanglement witness, decomposable into local measurements, which strongly reduces the difficulty of experimental implementation. We compute the logarithmic negativity measure, which is directly applicable to mixed states, to demonstrate that the entanglement is robust to incoherent effects such as focal averaging. Using the strong-field approximation, we quantify the entanglement for a large range of targets and field parameters, isolating the best targets for experimentalists. The methodology presented here provides a general way to use OAM to quantify and, in principle, measure entanglement, that is well-suited to attosecond processes, can enhance our understanding and may be exploited in imaging processes or the generation of OAM-entangled electrons.

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“…Beyond this, like Ref. [22], it further demonstrates the fundamental non-classicality of such processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Maxwell,

Madsen,

Lewenstein

2021

Preprint

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“…where K HHG = g| U (t, t 0 ) |g , K µ EX = λ µ | U (t, t 0 ) |g , and K AT I (v) = v| U (t, t 0 ) |g are the operators solely acting on the optical field state. The first term corresponds to the electron conditioned on the ground state |g leading to HHG [16], while the third term corresponds to an electron in a continuum state |v leading to the process of above-threshold ionization (ATI) [29]. The second term, corresponding to the electron being in an excited bound state |λ µ is usually considered to be small compared to the contribution of HHG and ATI.…”

Section: A Entanglement In Strong Field Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent advances in the quantum optical analysis of HHG has established a new direction in the investigation of strong field physics. This allows to study the quantum mechanical properties of the harmonic radiation, or to take into account the backaction on the driving field [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In particular, it was shown that conditioning procedures on processes induced by intense laser-matter interaction can lead to the generation of high-photon number controllable non-classical field states in a broad spectral range [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of entanglement and measurement in high harmonic generation

Stammer¹

2022

Preprint

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Quantum information science and intense laser matter interaction are two apparently unrelated fields. However, the recent developments of the quantum optical description of the intense laser driven process of high harmonic generation allow to conceive new light engineering protocols. Here, we introduce the notion of quantum information theory to intense laser driven processes by providing the quantum mechanical description of measurement protocols for high harmonic generation in atoms. We explicitly evaluate conditioning experiments on individual optical field modes, and provide the corresponding quantum operation for coherent states. The associated positive operatorvalued measures are obtained, and give rise to the quantum theory of measurement for the generation of high dimensional entangled states, and coherent state superposition with controllable non-classical features on the attosecond timescale.

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“…There have plenty of research works studied various quantum states and proposed the schemes for generating them. The particular interests has been devoted to Fock states [7][8][9], Schrodinger cat states [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] , squeezed states [19], photon number states [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], binomial states [27][28][29][30], and squeezed state excitations [31][32][33][34]. Another interesting class of nonclassical states such as photonadded coherent states [35], photon-subtracted or -added squeezed states [36] that have been a subject of interest since they also have potential applications in many related quantum information processing [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum state engineering using weak measurement

Hu,

Yusufu,

Turek

2021

Preprint

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State preparation via postselected weak measurement in three wave mixing process is studied. Assuming the signal input mode prepared in a vacuum state, coherent state or squeezed vacuum state, separately, while the idler input prepared in weak coherent state and passing the medium characterized by the second-order nonlinear susceptibility. It is shown that when the single photon is detected at one of the output channels of idler beam's path, the signal output channel is prepared in single-photon Fock state, single-photon-added coherent state or single-photon-added squeezed vacuum state with very high fidelity, depending upon the input signal states and related controllable parameters. The properties including squeezing, signal amplification, second order correlation and Wigner functions of the weak measurement based output states are also investigated. Our scheme promising to provide alternate new effective method for producing useful nonclassical states in quantum information processing.

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Generation of optical Schrödinger cat states in intense laser–matter interactions

Cited by 97 publications

References 33 publications

Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Theory of entanglement and measurement in high harmonic generation

Quantum state engineering using weak measurement

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