Generation of Squeezed States by Parametric Down Conversion

Wu, Ling‐An; Kimble, H. J.; Hall, John L.; Wu, Huifa

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.57.2520

Cited by 1,560 publications

(745 citation statements)

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“…In contrast the semiclassical calculation via χ (2) ++− is non symmetric with respect to s ↔ i ( one + and one − indexes), which results in PCC rate that depends upon whether the signal or idler detector clicks first (Shwartz et al, 2012). Wu et al, 1986). Fig.…”

Section: The Bare Pcc Ratementioning

confidence: 94%

“…These include decay of the doubly excited states in semiconductors (Edamatsu et al, 2004;Stevenson et al, 2007), four-wave mixing in optical fibers (Garay-Palmett et al, 2007 or cold atomic gases (Balić et al, 2005;Cho et al, 2014). Here, we focus on the oldest and most established method for their production -parametric downconversion (PDC) in birefringent crystals (Kwiat et al, 1995;Wu et al, 1986).…”

Section: Entangled Photons Generation By Parametric Down Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

2016

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Conventional nonlinear spectroscopy uses classical light to detect matter properties through the variation of its response with frequencies or time delays. Quantum light opens up new avenues for spectroscopy by utilizing parameters of the quantum state of light as novel control knobs and through the variation of photon statistics by coupling to matter. We present an intuitive diagrammatic approach for calculating ultrafast spectroscopy signals induced by quantum light, focusing on applications involving entangled photons with nonclassical bandwidth properties -known as "time-energy entanglement". Nonlinear optical signals induced by quantized light fields are expressed using time ordered multipoint correlation functions of superoperators in the joint field plus matter phase space. These are distinct from Glauber's photon counting formalism which use normally ordered products of ordinary operators in the field space. One notable advantage for spectroscopy applications is that entangled photon pairs are not subjected to the classical Fourier limitations on the joint temporal and spectral resolution. After a brief survey of properties of entangled photon pairs relevant to their spectroscopic applications, different optical signals, and photon counting setups are discussed and illustrated for simple multi-level model systems.

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Section: The Bare Pcc Ratementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Entangled Photons Generation By Parametric Down Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

2016

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“…This interaction generates photonphonon pairs in close analogy to the photon-photon pairs generated in parametric down-conversion [29]. A reddetuned pulse (ω L = ω c − ω m ) allows read-out of the mechanical state through the optomechanical beam-splitter interaction H bs ∝ g 0 â mâ † o +â † mâo , in which an antiStokes scattering event realizes a state swap between the mechanical and optical cavity mode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator

Riedinger

Hong

Norte

et al. 2016

Nature

468

437

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Interfacing a single photon with another quantum system is a key capability in modern quantum information science. It allows quantum states of matter, such as spin states of atoms [1,2], atomic ensembles [3,4] or solids [5], to be prepared and manipulated by photon counting and, in particular, to be distributed over long distances. Such light-matter interfaces have become crucial to fundamental tests of quantum physics [6] and realizations of quantum networks [7]. Here we report non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons -the quanta of mechanical motion -from a nanomechanical resonator. We implement a full quantu protocol involving initialization of the resonator in its quantum ground state of motion and subsequent generation and read-out of correlated photon-phonon pairs. The observed violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is clear evidence for the non-classical nature of the mechanical state generated. Our results demonstrate the availability of on-chip solid-state mechanical resonators as light-matter quantum interfaces. The performance we achieved will enable studies of macroscopic quantum phenomena [8] as well as applications in quantum communication [9], as quantum memories [10] and as quantum transducers [11,12].Over the past few years, nanomechanical devices have been discussed as possible building blocks for quantum information architectures [9,13]. Their unique feature is that they combine an engineerable solid-state platform on the nanoscale with the possibility to coherently interact with a variety of physical quantum systems including electronic or nuclear spins, single charges, and photons [14,15]. This feature enables mechanics-based hybrid quantum systems that interconnect different, independent physical qubits through mechanical modes.A successful implementation of such quantum transducers requires the ability to create and control quantum states of mechanical motion. The first step -the initialization of micro-and nanomechanical systems in their quantum ground state of motion -has been realized in various mechanical systems either through direct cryogenic cooling [16,17] or laser cooling using microwave [18] and optical cavity fields [19]. Further progress in quantum state control has mainly been limited to the domain of electromechanical devices, in which mechanical motion couples to superconducting circuits in the form of qubits and microwave cavities [15]. Recent achievements include single-phonon control of a micromechanical resonator by a superconducting flux qubit [16], the generation of quantum entanglement between quadratures of a microwave cavity field and micromechanical motion [20], * This work was published in Nature 530, 313-316 (2016 Interfacing mechanics with optical photons in the quantum regime is highly desirable because it adds important features such as the ability to transfer mechanical excitations over long distances [9,24]. In addition, the available toolbox of single-photon generation and detection allows for remote quantum state control [7]. However...

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“…Our light source is an attenuated laser beam chopped into 500 ns light pulses each containing n 230 40 photons. Quantum readout of optical keys can be achieved with single or bi-photon states [13], squeezed states [14], or other fragile quantum states [15]. We use coherent states of light with low mean photon number [16], because in QSA they provide security similar to other quantum states and are easier to implement in real-life applications.…”

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confidence: 99%