“…Saturable absorbers (SA) have been used as a switching element to generate short pulses in passively Q-switched lasers. It is mainly represented by transition metal ions–doped bulk crystals like Cr 4+ :YAG and V 3+ :YAG [1,2,3,4,5], semiconductor materials like the Semiconductor Saturable Absorbing Mirror (SESAM) [6,7,8,9], and two-dimensional (2D) materials [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17].…”