Generators of Ultra-Short Lived Radionuclides for Routine Clinical Applications

Abstract

The development of clinical generator-produced radionuclides is one of the main factors which contributes to the advance of nuclear medicine. The past ten years have witnessed a significant increase in the study of new generator systems. Very few of these potential systems are available today for routine clinical use. The aim of this review is to provide information on generators which are currently suitable in the light of their physical characteristics and medical usefulness and which are not restricted in their availability. The review will focus upon the special contribution of the Liege Cyclotron Center in the production and the medical applications of single photon and positron emitter generators.

The Development of New Radionuclide Generator Systems for Nuclear Medicine Applications

“…Our recent distillation method for removal of osmium from iridium as osmium tetroxide provides an improved technique for removal of the significant levels of Ir-192 produced by the longer irradiation periods required for the production of high specific activity Os-191 in lower flux reactors . Prototypes currently in clinical use include the activated carbon system developed in collaboration between our Nuclear Medicine Group at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Cyclotron Research Center at the University of Liege, Belgium (Brihaye, et al, 1986a(Brihaye, et al, , 1986b(Brihaye, et al, , 1986c(Brihaye, et al, , and 1987, which involves the adsorption of an Os(IV) species on specially treated heat-activated charcoal eluted with pH 2 saline containing 0.025% sodium iodide. In addition, the group at Children's Hospital in Boston has reported the use of Os(VI) species on AGMP-1 eluted with oxalate (Packard et al, 1987), and a group in Soreq, Israel has evaluated the use of Os(VI) bound to silica gel impregnated with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (SG-TDMAC) (Issacher, et al, 1989 andHellman, et al, 1989).…”

Nuclear Separations for Radiopharmacy: The Need for Improved Separations To Meet Future Research and Clinical Demands

“…An objective of this collection of manuscripts is to complement the 1987 proceedings of the International Atomic Energy Agency seminar on "Radionuclide Generator Technology" 11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and the other reviews that have since appeared. 10,21,22 This collection of manuscripts adds to the principally wet-chemical separations reviewed previously, 10,21,22 as both membrane-and resin-based chromatographic systems are discussed, as are high-temperature gas thermochromatographic separations.…”

Possibility of production of 81Rb via the 80Kr(d,n) reaction at a small cyclotron

“…The generator is used today both for ventilation and perfusion studies. Several routes have been suggested to produce the parent 81 Rb (T 1/2 ϭ 4.58 h), including proton, deuteron, 3 He-and A-particle induced reactions (for reviews cf. [3,4]).…”

“…Several routes have been suggested to produce the parent 81 Rb (T 1/2 ϭ 4.58 h), including proton, deuteron, 3 He-and A-particle induced reactions (for reviews cf. [3,4]). Out of those production routes, the proton induced reactions on Kr targets are the most widely used.…”