Genes Involved in the Thermal Tolerance of Livestock

Collier, Robert J.; Gebremedhin, K. G.; Macko, Antoni R.; Roy, K. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29205-7_14

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Testing of these singlenucleotide polymorphisms is ongoing and will yield genetic markers for identification of thermal resistance or thermosensitivity in cattle. Other genes have been identified through in vitro studies (35), and some of these genes were also identified in genome-wide association studies (93). The discovery of the slick gene in cattle (94) and its impact on thermotolerance has underscored the importance of regarding the hair follicle and fiber and its associated sweat gland in cattle as a single unit that impacts cutaneous heat loss.…”

Section: Approaches To Genetic Manipulation Of Thermal Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals

Collier

Gebremedhin

2015

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

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175

103

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The thermal environment is the most important ecological factor determining the growth, development, and productivity of domestic animals. Routes of energy exchange (sensible heat and latent heat) between animals and their environment are greatly influenced by body weight, fat deposition, hair-coat properties, functional activity, and number of sweat glands, as well as the presence or absence of anatomical respiratory countercurrent heat exchange capability. Differences in these anatomical features across species have led to specialization of heat exchange. Thermal plasticity and degree of acclimation are critical factors determining the ability of animals to respond to environmental change. Increases in productive capability of domestic animals can compromise thermal acclimation and plasticity, requiring greater investments in housing systems that reduce variability of the thermal environment. The combination of steadily increasing metabolic heat production as domestic animal productivity increases and a rising world temperature poses ongoing and future challenges to maintaining health and well-being of domestic animals.

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Section: Approaches To Genetic Manipulation Of Thermal Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals

Collier

Gebremedhin

2015

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

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175

103

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“…For example, there are changes in the expression patterns of certain genes that are fundamental for thermo-tolerance at the cellular level in animals (Gupta et al, 2013). Such genes having a cellular adaptation function in animals are considered potential biomarkers for understanding stress adaptation mechanisms (Collier et al, 2012). The classical heat shock protein (HSP) genes, apoptotic genes and other cytokines and toll-like receptors are considered to be up regulated on exposure to heat stress.…”

Section: Metabolic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classical heat shock protein (HSP) genes, apoptotic genes and other cytokines and toll-like receptors are considered to be up regulated on exposure to heat stress. Several reports Heat stress and livestock adaptation established the role of HSP70 during heat stress exposure in ruminant livestock and they identified this to be ideal molecular marker for quantifying heat stress response (Collier et al, 2012;Gupta et al, 2013;Shilja et al, 2016). Apart from this, several other genes such as SOD, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), thyroid hormone receptor (THR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) genes were found to be associated with thermo-tolerance in ruminant livestock (Collier et al, 2012).…”

Section: Metabolic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, higher production of NOS is essential for increased vasodilation of the skin during heat stress exposure (Yadav et al, 2016). Higher mRNA expression of NOS isoforms including inducible NOS, endothelial NOS and constitutitive NOS were reported in Barbari goats and Tharparkar cattle during hyperthermia (Collier et al, 2012).…”

Section: Biological Markers For Quantifying Heat Stress Response In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Sejian

Bhatta

Gaughan

et al. 2018

Animal

355

206

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Livestock plays an important role in the global economy. Climate change effects are not only limited to crop production, but also affect livestock production, for example reduced milk yields and milk quality, reduced meat production and reduced fertility. Therefore, livestock-based food security is threatened in many parts of the world. Furthermore, multiple stressors are a common phenomenon in many environments, and are likely to increase due to climate change. Among these stresses, heat stress appears to be the major factor which negatively influences livestock production. Hence, it is critical to identify agro-ecological zone-specific climate resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production. Livestock responds to the changing environments by altering their phenotypic and physiological characters. Therefore, survivability of the animal often depends on its ability to cope with or adapt to the existing conditions. So to sustain livestock production in an environment challenged by climate change, the animals must be genetically suitable and have the ability to survive in diversified environments. Biological markers or biomarkers indicate the biological states or alterations in expression pattern of genes or state of protein that serve as a reference point in breeding for the genetic improvement of livestock. Conventionally, identification of animals with superior genetic traits that were economically beneficial was the fundamental reason for identifying biomarkers in animals. Furthermore, compared with the behavioural, morphological or physiological responses in animals, the genetic markers are important because of the possibility of finding a solution to animal adaptability to climate change.

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“…Functional genomics research is providing new knowledge about the impact of heat stress on livestock production and reproduction. Using functional genomics to identify genes that are up-or down-regulated during a stressful event can lead to the identification of animals that are genetically superior for coping with stress and toward the creation of therapeutic drugs and treatments that target affected genes (Collier et al, 2012). Further, gene knockout models in single cells also allow for better delineation of the cellular metabolic machinery required to acclimate to thermal stress.…”

Section: Genomic Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of phenotypic and genetic basis of livestock selection for climate change adaptation and mitigation: A review

Tesema¹,

Ayichew²

2019

jaar

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Livestock are not only suffering from climate change, but also contribute to climate change through the direct and indirect release of greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O and CO2). Characterization, identification and conservation of heat tolerant livestock breeds are basics for future challenging climate. Properties of the skin, hair, coat color, coat type, sweating, respiration capacity, tissue insulation, surface area relative to body weight, endocrinological profiles and metabolic heat production are important factors involved for heat tolerance. Selection based on these phenotypic characteristics is play indispensible for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Molecular information is used to know the candidate gene for heat tolerance, their action, specific function and location on chromosomes thereby important for modification of gene and selection of heat tolerant breed and feed efficient animals. Genomic information also used to identify genes that regulated during a stressful event can lead to the identification of animals that are genetically superior for coping with stress. Marker assisted selection and proteomics may also be valuable in selection for secondary traits linked to adaptation, such as the genes for high levels of blood urea and ruminal ammonia in certain genotypes, associated with adaptation to low-quality C4 grasses. Scientific research results demonstrated that heat tolerance is heritable trait and variable between/within livestock breeds, thereby variation and heritability of the trait opens the window for selection of heat tolerant animals. Therefore, the combined genomic selection using genome wide DNA markers that predict tolerance to heat stress and phenotypic selection could be accelerated breeding of highly productive and heat tolerant livestock breeds. Further research should be conducted on characterization, identification of indigenous breeds at molecular level and on identification of responsible genes/genomic regions associated with thermoregulation, feed and production efficiency in order to develop suitable adaptive and mitigation strategies to counter environmental stresses.

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Genes Involved in the Thermal Tolerance of Livestock

Cited by 16 publications

References 108 publications

Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals

Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

The role of phenotypic and genetic basis of livestock selection for climate change adaptation and mitigation: A review

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