Genes occupy a fixed and symmetrical position on sister chromatids

Baumgartner, Martina; Dutrillaux, Bernard; Lemieux, Nicole; Lilienbaum, Alain; Paulin, Denise; Viegas‐Péquignot, Evani

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90505-s

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This gives a feasible geometric solution (figure 6b) that allows chromatin to form a homogeneous two-dimensional network within the chromatids, which protects the integrity of DNA and avoids the random entanglement of DNA within the chromatid. Furthermore, from microscopy results and the experimental observation of mirror-symmetrical positioning of single-copy genes in sister chromatids, it was suggested [62,63] that sister chromatids in metaphase have an opposite helical handedness. Thus, the scheme in figure 6b represents a right-handed helicoid but, according to these observations, both right-and left-handed helicoids are required for the representation of chromatin folding in metaphase chromosomes.…”

Section: Consistency Test For the Proposed Supramolecularmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy components of stacked chromatin layers explain the morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties of metaphase chromosomes

Daban

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The measurement of the dimensions of metaphase chromosomes in different animal and plant karyotypes prepared in different laboratories indicates that chromatids have a great variety of sizes which are dependent on the amount of DNA that they contain. However, all chromatids are elongated cylinders that have relatively similar shape proportions (length to diameter ratio approx. 13). To explain this geometry, it is considered that chromosomes are self-organizing structures formed by stacked layers of planar chromatin and that the energy of nucleosome-nucleosome interactions between chromatin layers inside the chromatid is approximately 3.6 Â 10 220 J per nucleosome, which is the value reported by other authors for internucleosome interactions in chromatin fibres. Nucleosomes in the periphery of the chromatid are in contact with the medium; they cannot fully interact with bulk chromatin within layers and this generates a surface potential that destabilizes the structure. Chromatids are smooth cylinders because this morphology has a lower surface energy than structures having irregular surfaces. The elongated shape of chromatids can be explained if the destabilizing surface potential is higher in the telomeres (approx. 0.16 mJ m 22 ) than in the lateral surface (approx. 0.012 mJ m 22 ). The results obtained by other authors in experimental studies of chromosome mechanics have been used to test the proposed supramolecular structure. It is demonstrated quantitatively that internucleosome interactions between chromatin layers can justify the work required for elastic chromosome stretching (approx. 0.1 pJ for large chromosomes). The high amount of work (up to approx. 10 pJ) required for large chromosome extensions is probably absorbed by chromatin layers through a mechanism involving nucleosome unwrapping.

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Section: Consistency Test For the Proposed Supramolecularmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy components of stacked chromatin layers explain the morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties of metaphase chromosomes

Daban

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…In metaphase chromosomes, Baumgartner et al (1991) described a three-dimensionally fixed position of genes which under functional aspects may change their positions in interphase. As further confirmation for the movement of genes in interphase nuclei, Volpi et al (2000) observed a large distance between the position of the genes of the MHC complex in chromosome 6p and the position of the remaining part of the interphase chromosome 6, especially in those cells in which genes of the MHC complex are activated.…”

Section: Chromosomics and The Plasticity Of Interphase Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomics

Claussen¹

2005

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The term “chromosomics” is introduced to draw attention to the three-dimensional morphological changes in chromosomes that are essential elements in gene regulation. Chromosomics deals with the plasticity of chromosomes in relation to the three-dimensional positions of genes, which affect cell function in a developmental and tissue-specific manner during the cell cycle. It also deals with species-specific differences in the architecture of chromosomes, which has been overlooked in the past. Chromosomics includes research into chromatin-modification-mediated changes in the architecture of chromosomes, which may influence the functions and life-spans of cells, tissues, organs and individuals. It also addresses the occurrence and prevalence of chromosomal gaps and breaks.

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“…Also it is obvious that further research is necessary to see what value it has for chromosomal mapping of genomic DNA probes such as cosmids and yeast artificial chromosomes. Possibly, the method can be of value in lateral ordering of DNA on chromosomes [2]. Finally, it would be of considerable interest to apply combined LM/AFM to chromatin preparations of which DNA has been decondensed to the level of the Watson-Crick double helix [30, 331.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of in situ hybridization to human chromosomes with the atomic force microscope

et al. 1993

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) permits one to generate a topographic representation of the sample under investigation with high spatial resolution. We assumed that cytochemical staining techniques, which yield reaction products which can be discriminated from the surrounding material on basis of their topographic properties, would be applicable in AFM. Here we show the validity of this assumption by employing an in situ hybridization technique in which the final label was the precipitated product of a peroxidase/diaminebenzidine reaction. After hybridization of the DNA probe pUC1.77 that recognizes the heterochromatic region of human chromosome 1 (lq121, the AFM clearly detects the sites of in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization with DNA probe pl-79 results in clear marking of the telomere region lp36. The diameter of the probe pl-79 linked reaction product was 75-100 nm, indicating that resolution of 200 nm can readily be reached with this AFM approach of DNA mapping. This precision is directly linked with the amount of precipitated material. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Genes occupy a fixed and symmetrical position on sister chromatids

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

The energy components of stacked chromatin layers explain the morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties of metaphase chromosomes

The energy components of stacked chromatin layers explain the morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties of metaphase chromosomes

Chromosomics

Detection of in situ hybridization to human chromosomes with the atomic force microscope

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