Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate

Abstract

Genes that are regulated by androgen in the prostate were studied in the rat. Four of the less than 10 genes that are down-regulated by androgen in the ventral prostate of a 7-day castrated rat were identified; their mRNAs decayed with identical kinetics. Twenty-five of the estimated 56 genes that are up-regulated by androgen in the castrated prostate have been isolated. The up-regulated genes fall into two kinetic types. Early genes are significantly up-regulated by 6.5 hr whereas the delayed genes respond mainly after 24 hr from the time of androgen replacement. These androgen-response genes are also regulated in the prostate by castration, indicating that these genes could play important roles in androgen-induced regrowth and͞or castration-induced regression of the prostate during hormonal manipulation. A survey of the tissue specificity showed that the androgen-response gene expression program in the prostate is mainly prostatespecific. Total RNA Northern blot analysis detects the expression of about 16 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes in the prostate only. Four up-regulated genes and one down-regulated gene are regulated by androgen in both the prostate and seminal vesicles but not in other organs. The expression of the remaining androgen-response genes is not limited to the prostate but is only responsive to androgen in the prostate. This survey of the androgen-response gene expression program provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of androgen action in the prostate.

Physical and functional interaction of androgen receptor with calmodulin in prostate cancer cells

“…2). Androgen and intracellular Ca 2ϩ are known to regulate the expression of several Ca 2ϩ -binding proteins, including calreticulin, calbindin D, and CaM (15,16,18,38). Androgen-induced calreticulin expression was shown to protect LNCaP, but not PC-3 cells, against Ca 2ϩ -ionophore-induced apoptosis (39).…”

U19/Eaf2 knockout causes lung adenocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

“…However, a definitive role for U19/Eaf2 in tumor suppression remains unclear. Independent studies initially identified U19/Eaf2 as an androgen upregulated gene (U19) in the rat prostate (Wang et al, 1997) and as a binding partner for eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia (ELL), making it the second member of the Eaf family of proteins . U19/Eaf2 shows significant sequence homology to the original family member, Eaf1.…”

Activation of the Androgen Receptor N-terminal Domain by Interleukin-6 via MAPK and STAT3 Signal Transduction Pathways

“…The AR can also be activated in the absence of its cognate ligand by signaling pathways initiated by various growth factors (23)(24)(25)(26) and stimulation of protein kinase pathways (27,28). The AR has been suggested to regulate the expression of at least 60 genes in the rat prostate (29). An example of expression of a human gene that is up-regulated by androgens in the prostate is prostate-specific antigen (PSA).…”