Genetic-Algorithm-Aided Meta-Atom Multiplication for Improved Absorption and Coloration in Nanophotonics

Liu, Changxu; Maier, Stefan A.; Li, Gui Xin

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00266

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Various devices have been recently optimized using GA or using some advanced evolutionary strategies as shown in refs. [53][54][55][56]61]. To highlight the basic concepts of the numerical optimization methods and mention briefly some possible applications, the readers can refer to recent review works about metasurfaces and nanophotonics (refs.…”

Section: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Optimization Methods for Metasurfaces

Elsawy

Lanteri

Duvigneau

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

147

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In recent years, metasurfaces have emerged as revolutionary tools to manipulate the behavior of light at the nanoscale. These devices consist of nanostructures defined within a single layer of metal or dielectric materials, and they offer unprecedented control over the optical properties of light, leading to previously unattainable applications in flat lenses, holographic imaging, polarimetry, and emission control, amongst others. The operation principles of metaoptics include complex light-matter interactions, often involving insidious near-field coupling effects that are far from being described by classical ray optics calculations, making advanced numerical modeling a requirement in the design process. In this contribution, recent optimization techniques used in the inverse design of high performance metasurfaces are reviewed. These methods rely on the iterative optimization of a Figure of Merit to produce a final device, leading to freeform layouts featuring complex and non-intuitive properties. The concepts in numerical inverse designs discussed herein will push this exciting field toward realistic and practical applications, ranging from laser wavefront engineering to innovative facial recognition and motion detection devices, including augmented reality retro-reflectors and related complex light field engineering.

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Section: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21–23] for a broad overview of optimized configurations based on GA or, more generally, on advanced evolutionary strategies as in refs. [53–57]. a) An all‐dielectric metasurface configuration made of Si nanodisks.…”

Section: Gradient‐free Optimization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Optimization Methods for Metasurfaces

Elsawy

Lanteri

Duvigneau

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

147

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Section: Intelligence Algorithms With Case Study In Meta-atom Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 (b) shows a GA methodology for broadband absorption optimization of a single meta-atom [29]. Organized in a fixed lattice, a gold nanodisk was placed on a gold substrate coated with a SiO 2 middle-layer.…”

Section: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unit cell pitch, the disk height alongside diameter, and the thickness of middle-layer were those participating variables. In the reference [29], the fitness function was defined as F = 1 − Ā, with Ā being the averaged absorption between spectral range of 350nm and 800nm. An increasing trend of Ā was clearly observed for both best and average value of absorption, and the best value of Ā (red diamonds) reached a plateau after about twenty generations.…”

Section: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intelligent designs in nanophotonics: from optimization towards inverse creation

Wang

Yan

et al. 2021

PhotoniX

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Applying intelligence algorithms to conceive nanoscale meta-devices becomes a flourishing and extremely active scientific topic over the past few years. Inverse design of functional nanostructures is at the heart of this topic, in which artificial intelligence (AI) furnishes various optimization toolboxes to speed up prototyping of photonic layouts with enhanced performance. In this review, we offer a systemic view on recent advancements in nanophotonic components designed by intelligence algorithms, manifesting a development trend from performance optimizations towards inverse creations of novel designs. To illustrate interplays between two fields, AI and photonics, we take meta-atom spectral manipulation as a case study to introduce algorithm operational principles, and subsequently review their manifold usages among a set of popular meta-elements. As arranged from levels of individual optimized piece to practical system, we discuss algorithm-assisted nanophotonic designs to examine their mutual benefits. We further comment on a set of open questions including reasonable applications of advanced algorithms, expensive data issue, and algorithm benchmarking, etc. Overall, we envision mounting photonic-targeted methodologies to substantially push forward functional artificial meta-devices to profit both fields.

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Polarization‐Controlled Chromo‐Encryption

Wang

Martin

2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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illuminating a metasurface (encrypted information) with a modulated incident light (key). [15] Another group has patterned the encrypted information by encoding the orbital angular momentum helical phase and Fourier transform lens, such that when decrypting with correct keys (timedependent incident beams) the encrypted information becomes comprehensive. [16] In addition to reconstructing the information in the far field like holograms, encrypted metasurfaces composed of complex-amplitude units can be arranged into gray scale or color images. [17] Combining the channels in the far field and near field makes optical encryption more versatile, like in binary or color QR codes. [18] Since the spectral response of nanostructures is generally sensitive to the polarization orientation it can serve as key to decrypt information. [19] However, these encryption concepts are not yet utilized to their full potential. In this work, we use a simple geometry to demonstrate a plethora of spectral responses, which are then employed for encryption using a quaternary system.Here, we resort to silver (Ag) for its low losses in the visible. [20] Each color pixel (unit cell) contains a rectangular Ag nanorod on a dielectric pedestal that forms an aperture of similar geometry within an Ag mirror underneath (see Experimental Section). The unit cells are placed on a square array with period 300 nm, which prevents grating diffraction orders and Wood-Rayleigh anomalies at the visible wavelengths of interest. [21] The coupling between the nanostructures and the mirror plane is negligible since the pedestal height is larger than 80 nm. [22] The readout scheme is illustrated in Figure 1a, incident light (in black), passing through a linear polarizer and a polarization insensitive beam splitter, impinges on the sample. The reflected light (in red) is then analyzed with another polarizer (analyzer). When both polarizers are parallel with the nanostructures (horizontal, H-direction, Figure 1b), the observed colors are muted, with a low chroma caused by the low Ag absorption. When rotating both polarizers perpendicular to the nanostructures (vertical, V-direction, Figure 1c), all the colors appear grey due to the lack of dimensional variations in this direction. However, the colors become vivid and saturated when both polarizers are in the diagonal direction (+45°, D-direction), Figure 1d. This difference of color contrast controlled by the mere orientation of the polarization is quite baffling, since it contradicts our intuition that the response for diagonal polarization could be inferred from the superposition The response of simple plasmonic nanorods to polarized illumination is studied in detail. Depending on the orientation of that polarization with respect to the symmetry axes of the nanostructure, a chiral response can occur, which can be analyzed through a second polarizer, in order to control the spectral response of the system. Specifically, for the Ag nanorods fabricated here, a broad variety of colors can be produced that cover half ...

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Genetic-Algorithm-Aided Meta-Atom Multiplication for Improved Absorption and Coloration in Nanophotonics

Cited by 43 publications

References 53 publications

Numerical Optimization Methods for Metasurfaces

Numerical Optimization Methods for Metasurfaces

Intelligent designs in nanophotonics: from optimization towards inverse creation

Polarization‐Controlled Chromo‐Encryption

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