Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Okura, Masatoshi; Takamatsu, Daisuke; Maruyama, Fumito; Nozawa, Takashi; Nakagawa, Ichirô; Osaki, Makoto; Sekizaki, Tsutomu; Gottschalk, Marcelo; Kumagai, Yutaro; Hamada, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1128/aem.03742-12

Cited by 94 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Although the cps loci of serotypes 1 and 14 are also almost identical, a putative glycosyltransferase gene (cps1G) of the serotype 1 reference strain and a sequenced Chinese strain had a frameshift mutation, whereas the corresponding gene (cps14G) of the serotype 14 reference strain and a sequenced Chinese strain was intact. These results implied that the mutation in cps1G might contribute to the antigenic differences between serotypes 1 and 14 (9); however, no further analyses have been done to investigate this hypothesis. Indeed, a major drawback in recently developed PCR-based typing systems is the fact that the serotypes 2 and 14 cannot be distinguished from serotypes 1/2 and 1, respectively, since both of these serotype pairs do not possess unique cps genes (1,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These results implied that the mutation in cps1G might contribute to the antigenic differences between serotypes 1 and 14 (9); however, no further analyses have been done to investigate this hypothesis. Indeed, a major drawback in recently developed PCR-based typing systems is the fact that the serotypes 2 and 14 cannot be distinguished from serotypes 1/2 and 1, respectively, since both of these serotype pairs do not possess unique cps genes (1,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…10, we assigned cps1G (putative galactosyltransferase) to the transfer of galactose to the first glucose in the repeating unit. However, in a previous study (9), this gene was presumed to be a pseudogene due to a frameshift mutation at least in the serotype 1 reference strain and in a Chinese serotype 1 strain. To solve these discrepancies and confirm the precise function of each cps gene, further studies, including construction of gene-manipulated mutants and analysis of the CPS, are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…analyses, that S. suis serotypes 1, 1/2, 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 27 might also contain sialic acid in their CPSs (8,9,17,26). The presence of this sugar was recently confirmed by CPS structural analyses in S. suis serotypes 2 and 14 (10,11) and, in the present study, for serotypes 1 and 1/2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cps loci, in particular the genes encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerases, are known for these four serotypes (8). Genetically, the cps loci of serotypes 2 and 1/2 are almost identical, and no sequence differences that may contribute to the antigenic divergences have been observed between the two serotypes so far (9). Although the cps loci of serotypes 1 and 14 are also almost identical, a putative glycosyltransferase gene (cps1G) of the serotype 1 reference strain and a sequenced Chinese strain had a frameshift mutation, whereas the corresponding gene (cps14G) of the serotype 14 reference strain and a sequenced Chinese strain was intact.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Explaining the Serological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1 and 1/2 from Their Capsular Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis

Calsteren

Goyette-Desjardins

Gagnon

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a major virulence factor in many encapsulated pathogens, as it is the case for Streptococcus suis, an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. Moreover, the CPS is the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Hence, analyses of the CPS structure are an essential step to dissect its role in virulence and the serological relations between important serotypes. Here, the CPSs of serotypes 1 and 1/2 were purified and characterized for the first time. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the following repeating unit sequences: [6)[Neu5Ac(␣2-6)GalNAc (␤1-4)GlcNAc(␤1-3)]Gal(␤1-3)Gal(␤1-4)Glc(␤1-] n (serotype 1) and [4)[Neu5Ac(␣2-6)GalNAc(␤1-4)GlcNAc(␤1-3)]Gal (␤1-4)[Gal(␣1-3)]Rha(␤1-4)Glc(␤1-] n (serotype 1/2). The Sambucus nigra lectin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac(␣2-6)Gal/GalNAc sequence, showed binding to both CPSs. Compared with previously characterized serotype 14 and 2 CPSs, N-acetylgalactosamine replaces galactose as the sugar bearing the sialic acid residue in the side chain. Serological analyses of the cross-reaction of serotype 1/2 with serotypes 1 and 2 and that between serotypes 1 and 14 suggested that the side chain, and more particularly the terminal sialic acid, constitutes one important epitope for serotypes 1/2 and 2. The side chain is also an important serological determinant for serotype 1, yet sialic acid seems to play a limited role. In contrast, the side chain does not seem to be part of a major epitope for serotype 14. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between S. suis serotypes and provide the basis for improving diagnostic tools.

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confidence: 74%

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confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explaining the Serological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1 and 1/2 from Their Capsular Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis

Calsteren

Goyette-Desjardins

Gagnon

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Comparative genomics of Streptococcus parauberis: new target for molecular identification of serotype III

Torres‐Corral

Santos

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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This paper describes the predicted structure for the cps loci involved in capsule biosynthesis for Streptococcus parauberis serotypes III, IV, and V. Based on the specific serotype regions I, II, and III, a multiplex PCR protocol (mPCR) was designed to differentiate the main serotypes causing fish diseases. A real-time PCR method (qPCR) is also described to identify S. parauberis of serotype III in bacterial cultures and fish tissues. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed that both methods have a 100% specificity. The mPCR assay was optimized for the detection of S. parauberis strains of subtypes Ia (amplicon size 213 bp), subtypes Ib and Ic (both amplicon size 303 bp), serotype II (amplicon size 403 bp), and serotype III (amplicon size 130 bp) from bacterial cultures. The qPCR assay was optimized for the identification and quantification of S. parauberis serotype III strains in bacterial cultures and fish tissues. This assay achieved a sensitivity of 2.67 × 10 2 gene copies (equivalent to 3.8 × 10 −9 ng/μl) using pure bacterial cultures of S. parauberis serotype III and 1.76 × 10 2 gene copies in fish tissues experimentally and naturally infected with S. parauberis of the serotype III. The specificity and sensitivity of the protocols described in this study suggest that these methods could be used for diagnostic and/or epidemiological purposes in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Key Points• Structure of loci cps for S. parauberis of serotypes III, IV and V was described.• mPCR to differentiate S. parauberis serotypes causing disease in fish was optimized.• qPCR assay to quantify strains of S. parauberis serotype III in fish tissues.

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Streptococcus suis in invasive human infections in Poland: clonality and determinants of virulence and antimicrobial resistance

Bojarska

Molska

Janas

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of Streptococcus suis human invasive isolates, collected in Poland by the National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis. Isolates obtained from 21 patients during 2000–2013 were investigated by phenotypic tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), analysis of the TR9 locus from the multilocus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) scheme and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested DNA. Determinants of virulence and antimicrobial resistance were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed by sequencing. All isolates represented sequence type 1 (ST1) and were suggested to be serotype 2. PFGE and analysis of the TR9 locus allowed the discrimination of four and 17 types, respectively. Most of the isolates were haemolysis- and DNase-positive, and around half of them formed biofilm. Genes encoding suilysin, extracellular protein factor, fibronectin-binding protein, muramidase-released protein, surface antigen one, enolase, serum opacity factor and pili were ubiquitous in the studied group, while none of the isolates carried sequences characteristic for the 89K pathogenicity island. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, moxifloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, gentamicin, linezolid, vancomycin and daptomycin. Five isolates (24 %) were concomitantly non-susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, and harboured the tet(O) and erm(B) genes; for one isolate, lsa(E) and lnu(B) were additionally detected. Streptococcus suis isolated in Poland from human invasive infections belongs to a globally distributed clonal complex of this pathogen, enriched in virulence markers. This is the first report of the lsa(E) and lnu(B) resistance genes in S. suis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2616-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Cited by 94 publications

References 51 publications

Explaining the Serological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1 and 1/2 from Their Capsular Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis

Explaining the Serological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1 and 1/2 from Their Capsular Polysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis

Comparative genomics of Streptococcus parauberis: new target for molecular identification of serotype III

Streptococcus suis in invasive human infections in Poland: clonality and determinants of virulence and antimicrobial resistance

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