Genetic analysis of multicase families of visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: no major role for class II or class III regions of HLA

Peacock, Christopher; Sanjeevi, Carani B.; Shaw, Marie‐Anne; Collins, Andrew; Campbell, R. Duncan; March, Ruth; Sílveira, Fernando Tobias; Costa, Jackson Maurício Lopes; Coste, Caroline; Nascimento, Maria D. S. B.; Siddiqui, Ruby; Shaw, Jeffrey Jon; Blackwell, Jenefer M.

doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363852

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, although a population of generally poor people, their diet consists largely of fish and basic agricultural products of fairly good nutritional value. For this reason, although there is some evidence suggesting that susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis is strongly controlled by genetic mechanism (Peacock et al 2002;Blackwell et al 2004;Jamieson et al 2007), it is equally possible that environmental and nutritional factors may also be influencing immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence

Sílveira

Lainson

Pereira³

et al. 2008

Parasitol Res

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This was a longitudinal study carried out during a period over 2 years with a cohort of 946 individuals of both sexes, aged 1 year and older, from an endemic area of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in Pará State, Brazil. The object was to analyze the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection based principally on the prevalence and incidence. For diagnosis of the infection, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and leishmanin skin test (LST) were performed with amastigote and promastigote antigens of the parasite, respectively. The prevalence by LST (11.2%) was higher (p < 0.0001) than that (3.4%) by IFAT, and the combined prevalence by both tests was 12.6%. The incidences by LST were also higher (p < 0.05) than those by IFAT at 6 (4.7% x 0.6%), 12 (4.7% x 2.7%), and 24 months (2.9% x 0.3%). Moreover, there were no differences (p > 0.05) between the combined incidences by both tests on the same point surveys, 5.2%, 6.3%, and 3.6%. During the study, 12 infected persons showed high IFAT IgG titers with no LST reactions: five children and two adults developed AVL (2,560-10,120), and two children and three adults developed subclinical oligosymptomatic infection (1280-2560). The combined tests diagnosed a total of 231 cases of infection leading to an accumulated prevalence of 24.4%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence

Sílveira

Lainson

Pereira³

et al. 2008

Parasitol Res

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“…This being so, susceptibility to infection by Leishmania may be associated with some of the genes and haplotypes of the HLA regions. This is reinforced by family group studies, a high relative risk for monozygotic twins and by segregation analyses [44,46]. One of the first studies about the HLA-cutaneous leishmaniasis association showed the HLA-Cw7 antigen as a marker of susceptibility to this disease [47].…”

Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In Iran, the HLA-A26 antigen is associated with the occurrence of kala-azar [52]. In Tunisia [44], in India [53] and in Brazil [46], no association was found between HLA classes I and II and kala-azar. In another Indian study, it was demonstrated that a greater expression of HLA-DR antigens is associated with the activation of T cells in the immune response against infestation by Leishmania donovani [54].…”

Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenetics and infectious diseases: special reference to the mayor histocompatibility complex

Alves¹,

Souza²,

Meyer³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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Many studies have tried to identify genetic markers for infectious diseases, some of them have focused on human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The products of HLA genes interact with surfacespecific receptors of T lymphocytes, resulting in activation of the host's immune response. Association of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections with the host's HLA has been widely investigated. The type and strength of this association differs among distinct populations, as well as among racial and/or ethnic groups. The new molecular methods for the identification of the HLA alleles, and the resulting new nomenclature, have contributed to a better understanding of this system. Unfortunately, this information has not been adequately transmitted to clinicians, which hampers the understanding of the association between the HLA system and diseases. We revised relevant studies on the association of HLA genes with infectious diseases, demonstrating their importance in the pathogenic mechanisms, through increased susceptibility or protection against infections and their complications.

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“…One case-control study of visceral leishmaniasis carried out in Tunisia demonstrated associations with DR/DQ class II genes but not with TNF/LTA or HSP70 class III loci (118). No association was observed with DR/DQ or TNF/LTA for clinical visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan (26,127) or Brazil (85,136), but associations were observed between delayed-type hypersensitivity-positive asymptomatic individuals and TNF alleles (85). A large-scale GWAS for clinical visceral leishmaniasis cases and controls from India, as well as visceral leishmaniasis cases in families from Sudan and Brazil (where the delayed-type hypersensitivity quantitative trait has been measured in all individuals), is currently under way as part of phase 2 of the WTCCC (J.B. is a member of WTCCC2).…”

Section: Hla and Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA and Infectious Diseases

2009

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SUMMARY Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Indeed, the original hypothesis for the extreme variability observed at HLA loci (H-2 in mice) was the major selective pressure from infectious diseases. Now that both the human genome and the molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity are understood in greater detail, do the classical HLA loci still stand out as major genes that determine susceptibility to infectious disease? This review looks afresh at the evidence supporting a role for classical HLA loci in susceptibility to infectious disease, examines the limitations of data reported to date, and discusses current advances in methodology and technology that will potentially lead to greater understanding of their role in infectious diseases in the future.

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Genetic analysis of multicase families of visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: no major role for class II or class III regions of HLA

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence

A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence

Immunogenetics and infectious diseases: special reference to the mayor histocompatibility complex

HLA and Infectious Diseases

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