Genetic Analysis Reveals Population Structuring and a Bottleneck in the Black-Faced Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara)

Martins, Maria; Nascimento, Alexandre Túlio Amaral; Nali, Camila; Velastin, G.O.; Mangini, P.B.; Valladares‐Pádua, Cláudio; Galetti, Pedro Manoel

doi:10.1159/000334817

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Genetic studies with lion tamarins differ in the number of samples, populations and microsatellite loci, and in the type (skin, blood or hair) and origin (wild life or captivity) of samples, making it difficult to compare them. Considering these differences, the mean expected heterozygosity for GHLT was similar to that observed for Leontopithecus rosalia [Grativol et al, 2001;Moraes et al, 2017] and not much higher than the values reported for Leontopithecus caissara [Martins and Galetti, 2011;Martins et al, 2012] and L. chrysopygus [Ayala-Burbano et al, 2017]. The average number of alleles was relatively high for GHLTs in the wild, but this might be (partially) due to differences in sample sizes (for which this parameter is relatively sensitive).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This study suggests that GHLT populations have a relatively low genetic diversity similar to L. rosalia [Grativol et al, 2001;Moraes et al, 2017] and L. chrysopygus [Martins and Galetti, 2011;Martins et al, 2012]. However, GHLTs have a larger overall population size and geographic distribution compared with other lion tamarins, which might imply a relatively secure conservation status [Holst et al, 2006].…”

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Genetic Structure of an Endangered Endemic Primate (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in a Highly Fragmented Atlantic Coastal Rain Forest

Moraes

Grativol

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2018

IJFP

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This study evaluated the genetic structure of wild populations of the endangered primate, Leontopithecus chrysomelas. We tested the assumption that populations of L. chrysomelas, given their larger population size and a higher degree of habitat continuity, would have higher genetic diversity and less genetic structuring than other lion tamarins. We used 11 microsatellites and 122 hair samples from different locations to assess their genetic diversity and genetic structure, and to make inferences about the isolation by distance. The overall expected heterozygosity (0.51 ± 0.03) and the average number of alleles (3.6 ± 0.2) were relatively low, as is the case in other endangered lion tamarins. Genetic clustering analyses indicated two main clusters, whereas the statistical analyses based on genotype similarities and F_st suggested further substructure. A Mantel test showed that only 34% of this genetic differentiation was explained by the linear distance. In addition to linear distance, structural differences in the landscape, physical barriers and behavioural factors may be causing significant genetic structuring. Overall, this study suggests that these populations have a relatively low genetic diversity and a relatively high population genetic structure, putting in question whether the presence of agroforest systems (known locally as cabruca) is enough to fully re-establish functional landscape connectivity.

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Section: Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Structure of an Endangered Endemic Primate (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in a Highly Fragmented Atlantic Coastal Rain Forest

Moraes

Grativol

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2018

IJFP

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“…These patterns of dispersal and formation of groups are efficient in terms of fitness because the species has been able to avoid detrimental effects and inbreeding despite its low genetic diversity [Martins et al, 2011] and small population size of about 400 individuals [Nascimento et al, 2011a]. The maintenance of these strategies over time depends on the integrity in terms of quantity and quality of the species habitat Digby and Ferrari, 1994;Rylands, 1996;Baker et al, 2002], a challenge that goes far beyond research and involves local and international conservation strategies and public policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite recent advances in our understanding of the behaviour, ecology and genetics of L. caissara [Moro-Rios, 2009;Ludwig, 2011;Martins et al, 2011;Nascimento et al, 2011a, b;Nascimento and Schmidlin, 2011;Barriento, 2013], the mechanisms of dispersal and new group formation, an understanding of which is important for conservation management, are still unknown. Dispersal is an important component of population and demographic dynamics -immigration and emigration directly influence population size and structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal, Group Formation and Kinship in the Black-Faced Lion Tamarin <b><i>(Leontopithecus caissara)</i></b>

Nascimento¹,

Nali²,

Fonseca³

2014

Folia Primatol

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We report on (i) new group formation, (ii) sex differences in dispersal and (iii) dispersal distance over 6 years for 3 social groups of the black-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara) in the vicinity of Ariri, São Paulo state, Brazil. The groups were: Bina (monitored for 74 months), BM5 (52 months) and Teca (13 months). Each group was censused once a week and monitored for 3 days each month. Mating opportunities were found to be the incentive for young adult black-faced lion tamarins to either disperse or remain in their kin group. Young adults show delayed dispersal that is related to the cooperative breeding system characteristic of the Callitrichidae and to a low population density which hinders the formation of new breeding pairs. Our findings suggest that in L. caissara (i) both sexes disperse, (ii) successful immigration is related to breeding opportunities in an existing group, (iii) female immigration motivates male emigration and the formation of new groups, and (iv) emigrants tend to form new groups close to their natal groups. These patterns of dispersal and formation of new groups are efficient because the species has been able to avoid loss of genetic diversity despite their small population size.

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“…Although no study to date explicitly addressed the subject, it has been suggested that lion tamarins have a limited dispersal capacity [Zeigler et al, 2011]. Moreover, previous analysis revealed low levels of genetic diversity to L. rosalia [Grativol et al, 2001] and L. caissara [Martins et al, 2011]. Taken together, these factors lead lion tamarins to be particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbations [Isaac et al, 2009;Williams et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the exposure of lion tamarins (Leontopithecusspp.) to future climate change

Meyer

Pie

Passos

2013

American J Primatol

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Understanding how biodiversity will respond to climate change is a major challenge in conservation science. Climatic changes are likely to impose serious threats to many organisms, especially those with narrow distribution ranges, small populations and low dispersal capacity. Lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp.) are endangered primates endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), and all four living species are typical examples of these aggravating conditions. Here, we integrate ecological niche modeling and GIS-based information about BAF remnants and protected areas to estimate the exposure (i.e., the extent of climate change predicted to be experienced by a species) of current suitable habitats to climate change for 2050 and 2080, and to evaluate the efficacy of existing reserves to protect climatically suitable areas. Niche models were built using Maxent and then projected onto seven global circulation models derived from the A1B climatic scenario. According to our projections, the occurrence area of L. caissara will be little exposed to climate change. Western populations of L. chrysomelas could be potentially exposed, while climatically suitable habitats will be maintained only in part of the eastern region. Protected areas that presently harbor large populations of L. chrysopygus and L. rosalia will not retain climatic suitability by 2080. Monitoring trends of exposed populations and protecting areas predicted to hold suitable conditions should be prioritized. Given the potential exposure of key lion tamarin populations, we stress the importance of conducting additional studies to assess other aspects of their vulnerability (i.e., sensitivity to climate and adaptive capacity) and, therefore, to provide a more solid framework for future management decisions in the context of climate change.

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Genetic Analysis Reveals Population Structuring and a Bottleneck in the Black-Faced Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara)

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

Population Genetic Structure of an Endangered Endemic Primate (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in a Highly Fragmented Atlantic Coastal Rain Forest

Population Genetic Structure of an Endangered Endemic Primate (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in a Highly Fragmented Atlantic Coastal Rain Forest

Dispersal, Group Formation and Kinship in the Black-Faced Lion Tamarin <b><i>(Leontopithecus caissara)</i></b>

Assessing the exposure of lion tamarins (Leontopithecusspp.) to future climate change

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