Genetic analysis toward more nutritious barley grains for a food secure world

Thabet, Samar G.; Alomari, Dalia Z.; Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik; Alqudah, Ahmad M.

doi:10.1186/s40529-022-00334-z

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…High accumulation of Fe and Zn in finger millet grains has been attributed to the regulation of potential key regulatory genes involved in Fe and Zn homeostasis particularly EcFER1, EcIRT2, EcYSL2, EcZIP1 and EcZTP29 genes 26 . Similarly, high concentrations of Se in finger millet has been also attributed to regulatory genes involved in Se homeostasis such as HOX4 and SPL genes 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the nutritional quality of improved finger millet genotypes in Ethiopia

Teklu,

Gashu,

Joy

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Improved crop genotypes are constantly introduced. However, information on their nutritional quality is generally limited. The present study reports the proximate composition and the concentration and relative bioavailability of minerals of improved finger millets of different genotypes. Grains of finger millet genotypes (n = 15) grown in research station during 2019 and 2020 in Ethiopia, and replicated three times in a randomized complete block design, were analysed for proximate composition, mineral concentration (iron, zinc, calcium, selenium), and antinutritional factors (phytate, tannin and oxalate). Moreover, the antinutritional factors to mineral molar ratio method was used to estimate mineral bioavailability. The result shows a significant genotypic variation in protein, fat and fibre level, ranging from 10% to 14.6%, 1.0 to 3.8%, and 1.4 to 4.6%, respectively. Similarly, different finger millets genotypes had significantly different mineral concentrations ranging from 3762 ± 332 to 5893 ± 353 mg kg−1 for Ca, 19.9 ± 1.6 to 26.2 ± 2.7 mg kg−1 for Zn, 36.3 ± 4.6 to 52.9 ± 9.1 mg kg−1 for Fe and 36.6 ± 11 to 60.9 ± 22 µg kg−1 for Se. Phytate (308–360 µg g−1), tannin (0.15–0.51 mg g−1) and oxalate (1.26–4.41 mg g−1) concentrations were also influenced by genotype. Antinutritional factors to minerals molar ratio were also significantly different by genotypes but were below the threshold for low mineral bioavailability. Genotype significantly influenced mineral and antinutritional concentrations of finger millet grains. In addition, all finger millet genotypes possess good mineral bioavailability. Especially, the high Ca concentration in finger millet, compared to in other cereals, could play a vital role to combating Ca deficiency. The result suggests the different finger millet genotypes possess good nutrient content and may contribute to the nutrition security of the local people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the nutritional quality of improved finger millet genotypes in Ethiopia

Teklu,

Gashu,

Joy

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…FtsH is the major thylakoid membrane protease required for photosynthetic pathways in plants ( Kato and Sakamoto, 2018 ). This gene was recently shown to be relatively highly expressed in all grain organs suggesting its crucial role in the accumulation of the micronutrient metals (i.e., Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in barley grains ( Thabet et al., 2022 ). It may be speculated, that FtsH represents another component of the mechanisms activated to limit photosynthetic activity to increase pathogen resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL for induced resistance against leaf rust in barley

Matros

Schikora²,

Ordon³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei is one of the major diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leading to yield losses up to 60%. Even though, resistance genes Rph1 to Rph28 are known, most of these are already overcome. In this context, priming may promote enhanced resistance to P. hordei. Several bacterial communities such as the soil bacterium Ensifer (syn. Sinorhizobium) meliloti are reported to induce resistance by priming. During quorum sensing in populations of gram negative bacteria, they produce N-acyl homoserine-lactones (AHL), which induce resistance in plants in a species- and genotype-specific manner. Therefore, the present study aims to detect genotypic differences in the response of barley to AHL, followed by the identification of genomic regions involved in priming efficiency of barley. A diverse set of 198 spring barley accessions was treated with a repaired E. meliloti natural mutant strain expR+ch producing a substantial amount of AHL and a transformed E. meliloti strain carrying the lactonase gene attM from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For P. hordei resistance the diseased leaf area and the infection type were scored 12 dpi (days post-inoculation), and the corresponding relative infection and priming efficiency were calculated. Results revealed significant effects (p<0.001) of the bacterial treatment indicating a positive effect of priming on resistance to P. hordei. In a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), based on the observed phenotypic differences and 493,846 filtered SNPs derived from the Illumina 9k iSelect chip, genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and exome capture data, 11 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified with a hot spot on the short arm of the barley chromosome 6H, associated to improved resistance to P. hordei after priming with E. meliloti expR+ch. Genes in these QTL regions represent promising candidates for future research on the mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions.

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“…Numerous SNP-based significant MTAs, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and candidate genes associated with seed Fe and Zn content are reported in cereal and legume crops, and a few QTL with major effects ( Tables 5 , 6 ). SNP was physically located within genes involved in seed Fe and Zn homeostasis ( Thabet et al., 2022 ) or SNP in close vicinity to two yellow stripe-like (YSL) genes was associated with grain Zn ( Detterbeck et al., 2019 ) in barley. QTL hotspots simultaneously affected multiple grain nutrients, and an exotic allele linked to HvGA20ox 2 significantly increased multiple grain elements with no yield penalty in maize ( Herzig et al., 2019 ), while in pearl millet, candidate genes related to Fe and Zn metabolism correlated with known QTL regions for grain Fe and Zn contents ( Mahendrakar et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution And Accumulation Of Fe And Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Dwivedi¹,

Garcia‐Oliveira

Govindaraj

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation’s economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of “Golden Rice” and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.

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Genetic analysis toward more nutritious barley grains for a food secure world

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Differences in the nutritional quality of improved finger millet genotypes in Ethiopia

Differences in the nutritional quality of improved finger millet genotypes in Ethiopia

QTL for induced resistance against leaf rust in barley

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

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