Genetic and Breeding Aspects of Lactation

Abstract

Animal breeding is the most important tool to improve milk productivity in dairy animals. Identiication of beter animals as parent for the next generation is the approach to generate high-producing animals. Genetic disease is the main problem in livestock sector. Complex vertebral malformation (CVM), bovine leukocyte adhesion deiciency (BLAD) syndrome, bovine factor xi deiciency, deiciency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), and bovine citrullinemia are some of the main genetic disorders, which should be studied in Holstein and its cross. Recent developments in biotechnology have made it feasible to reveal a large number of genetic polymorphisms at the DNA level. As a result, researchers have been encouraged to use them as markers in order to evaluate genetic basis for the observed phenotypic variability. The selection of genetically superior sires is of utmost importance for any successful breed improvement program as semen of sires is disseminated in various herds under progeny testing program. The investigations on mode of genetic improvement around the world indicated that proper genetic evaluation and selection of bulls bring about more than 75% of the actual genetic improvement.

Mining of diverse short non-coding RNAs from transcriptome of milk somatic cells of Murrah buffalo

“…Since the demand for milk has been predicted to increase in the coming years, there is a lot of scope for genetic improvement of dairy animals to meet this demand. Milk secretion or lactation is an intricate process that is influenced by nutrition, climate, genes, hormones as well as many other factors (Kumar, 2017;Neelima et al, 2021;Kalyan et al, 2022). Several genes and pathways work in synchrony for functioning of the mammary gland.…”

Postpartum Body Condition Score (BCS) and Lactation Stage (30 and 60 Days) Affecting Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) and Milk Quality of Najdi Sheep

“…or for technical applications (variations in reaching peak lactation depending on time of birth, feeding, body condition, etc.) [ 4 ]. Hynes et al [ 5 ] points out that lipid composition in sheep is one of the most important components in terms of high-quality and nutritional milk.…”

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Cattle

“…They rely on a variety of reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination (AI) [ 2 ] and embryo production [ 3 ] for genetic improvement and propagation of superior germ plasm globally. Since even a modest increase in the reproductive rate in cattle enhances productivity [ 4 ], improving efficiency of reproductive technologies will have immediate and substantial benefits globally. Production of frozen semen from elite bulls (progeny testing, based on their daughters’ milk production) and its use for AI have been practiced globally for dissemination of superior genetics and enhancing animal productivity.…”