Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence

Havers, Laura; Taylor, Mark J.; Ronald, Angelica

doi:10.1111/jcpp.13045

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… 14 Persistent psychotic experiences may therefore reflect an underlying neurodevelopmental vulnerability, which is phenotypically expressed through neurocognitive impairments, decreased social skills and increased psychopathological risk, as shown in the current study. Evidence from twin studies has indicated a genetic component in the stability of psychotic experiences over time, 31 and it has been reported that cumulative exposure to environmental risk factors (such as trauma, cannabis use and urbanicity) affect the likelihood that psychotic experiences become persistent. 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence

et al. 2021

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Summary Background Psychotic experiences predict adverse health outcomes, particularly if they are persistent. However, it is unclear what distinguishes persistent from transient psychotic experiences. Aims In a large population-based cohort, we aimed to (a) describe the course of hallucinatory experiences from childhood to adolescence, (b) compare characteristics of youth with persistent and remittent hallucinatory experiences, and (c) examine prediction models for persistence. Method Youth were assessed longitudinally for hallucinatory experiences at mean ages of 10 and 14 years (n = 3473). Multi-informant-rated mental health problems, stressful life events, self-esteem, non-verbal IQ and parental psychopathology were examined in relation to absent, persistent, remittent and incident hallucinatory experiences. We evaluated two prediction models for persistence with logistic regression and assessed discrimination using the area under the curve (AUC). Results The persistence rate of hallucinatory experiences was 20.5%. Adolescents with persistent hallucinatory experiences had higher baseline levels of hallucinatory experiences, emotional and behavioural problems, as well as lower self-esteem and non-verbal IQ scores than youth with remittent hallucinatory experiences. Although the prediction model for persistence versus absence of hallucinatory experiences demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (AUC-corrected = 0.80), the prediction model for persistence versus remittance demonstrated poor accuracy (AUC-corrected = 0.61). Conclusions This study provides support for the dynamic expression of childhood hallucinatory experiences and suggests increased neurodevelopmental vulnerability in youth with persistent hallucinatory experiences. Despite the inclusion of a wide array of psychosocial parameters, a prediction model discriminated poorly between youth with persistent versus remittent hallucinatory experiences, confirming that persistent hallucinatory experiences are a complex multifactorial trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence

et al. 2021

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“…In terms of genetic factors, several studies have investigated their influence on PENS at single time-points or assessments (Ronald & Pain, 2018 ), and findings from a small number of family studies further suggest that genetic factors are associated with the development of PENS (Ericson, Tuvblad, Raine, Young-Wolff, & Baker, 2011 ; Havers, Taylor, & Ronald, 2019 ; Janssens et al, 2016 ; Wigman et al, 2011a ). The prior study with the largest sample size ( N = 1448 twin pairs) found that 38–62% of the covariance in separate PENS dimensions measured across two time-points in adolescence was accounted for by genetic influences (Havers et al, 2019 ). Genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) can also be used as an index of an individual's polygenic propensity to a given outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental trajectories and associations with polygenic scores and childhood characteristics

et al. 2022

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Background Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) are common in non-clinical populations. PENS are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly when they persist. Little is known about the trajectories of PENS dimensions in young people, nor about the precursory factors associated with these trajectories. Methods We conducted growth mixture modelling of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms across ages 16, 17, and 22 in a community sample (N = 12 049–12 652). We then described the emergent trajectory classes through their associations with genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for psychiatric and educational phenotypes, and earlier childhood characteristics. Results Three trajectory classes emerged for paranoia, two for hallucinations, and two for negative symptoms. Across PENS, GPS for clinical help-seeking, major depressive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.07–1.23). Lower education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class for hallucinations and negative symptoms (OR 0.77–0.91). Conversely for paranoia, higher education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.25). Trajectory class associations were not significant for schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, or anorexia GPS. Emotional/behaviour problems and life events in childhood were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class across PENS. Conclusions Our results suggest latent heterogeneity in the development of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms in young people that is associated with specific polygenic scores and childhood characteristics.

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“…Havers, Taylor, and Ronald () tracked psychotic experiences and negative symptoms over a 9‐month longitudinal observation in 1,448 adolescent twin pairs. There was considerable stability of the phenotype over this period, and persistence of these symptoms was influenced both by genetic and shared environmental influences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: The passage of time

Fombonne

2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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In this editorial, the author reflects on changes that occurred in the quality of research on developmental psychopathology over the last 35 years. This is illustrated in the increased quality of nine longitudinal studies that are included in the current issue of JCPP. Using approaches that capitalize on the passage of time, ranging from 28 days to 40 years across investigations, these studies employed multiple levels of analysis, used sophisticated statistical methods to control for confounding factors, included measurement at both the biological, cognitive, and behavioral levels, and collectively provided results that allow improved assessment of causality.

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Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence

Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence

Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental trajectories and associations with polygenic scores and childhood characteristics

Editorial: The passage of time

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