Genetic and environmental variability in lick rates of mice

Horowitz, Gary P.; Stephan, Friedrich K.; Smith, James C.; Whitney, Glayde

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90224-4

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Early on, control and SOD1-G93A mice exhibited lick frequency and tongue force values well within the range of published values (Horowitz et al, 1977;Murakami, 1977;Wang and Fowler, 1999). As the disease progressed, SOD1-G93A mice exhibited a tongue motility deficit by 100 days of age, followed by a tongue force deficit that became apparent by 115 days of age.…”

Section: Orolingual Motor Deficitssupporting

confidence: 75%

Time-course and characterization of orolingual motor deficits in B6SJL-Tg(SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J mice

2008

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Symptom onset may occur in the muscles of the limbs (spinal onset) or those of the head and neck (bulbar onset). Bulbar involvement is particularly important in ALS as it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to characterize bulbar motor deficits in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of familial ALS. We measured orolingual motor function by placing thirsty mice in a customized operant chamber that allows for measurement of tongue force and lick rhythm as animals lick water from an isometric disc. Testing spanned the pre-symptomatic, symptomatic, and end-stage segments of the disease. Rotarod performance, fore-and hindlimb grip strength, and locomotor activity were also monitored regularly during this period. We found that spinal involvement was apparent first, with both fore-and hindlimb grip strength being affected in SOD1-G93A mice from the onset of testing (64 days of age). Rotarod performance was affected by 71 days of age. Locomotor activity was not affected, even near end-stage. Bulbar involvement appeared much later, with tongue motility being affected by 100 days of age. Tongue force was affected by 115 days of age. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to describe the onset of bulbar v. spinal motor signs and characterize orolingual motor deficits in this preclinical model of ALS.

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Section: Orolingual Motor Deficitssupporting

confidence: 75%

Time-course and characterization of orolingual motor deficits in B6SJL-Tg(SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J mice

2008

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“…This rate of licking is relatively resistant to changes in motivational state or stimulus, leading to speculation that the rate of licking is controlled by a CPG. We [7] and others [28, 30] previously reported that D2 mice have a faster rate of licking than B6 mice (a difference in MPI of 24 ms in our earlier work). In the current sample of 18 strains, MPI showed a similar range of values as in our study of BXD RI strains [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…With respect to fluid licking and microstructure, mice of the commonly used strain C57BL/6J have been shown in several studies to possess slower lick rates (longer mean interlick intervals) to water or other tastant solutions than DBA/2, 129P3/J, or SWR/J mice [7, 28–31]. Further strain differences have been shown in other microstructural parameters including overall consumption, burst count, burst size and initial licking rate [7, 31, 32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of oromotor phenotypes: A survey of licking and ingestive behaviors in highly diverse strains of mice

John

Williams

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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In order to examine genetic influences on fluid ingestion, 20-min intake of either water or 0.1 M sucrose was measured in a lickometer in 18 isogenic strains of mice, including 15 inbred strains and 3 F1 hybrid crosses. Intake and licking data were examined at a number of levels, including lick rate as defined by mean or median interlick interval, as well as several microstructural parameters (i.e. burst-pause structure). In general, strain variation for ingestive phenotypes were correlated across water and sucrose in all strains, indicating fundamental, rather than stimulus-specific, mechanisms of intake. Strain variation was substantial and robust, with heritabilities for phenotypes ranging from 0.22 to 0.73. For mean interlick interval (MPI; a measure of lick rate) strains varied continuously from 94.3 to 127.0 ms, a range consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, variation among strains for microstructural traits such as burst size and number suggested that strains possess different overall ingestive strategies, with some favoring more short bursts, and others favoring fewer, long bursts. Strains also varied in cumulative intake functions, exhibiting both linear and decelerated rates of intake across the session.

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“…As mentioned earlier, experimental manipulations such as sensory deafferentation, increased thirst, or using different taste stimuli rarely result in any change in the inherent lick frequency of mice, which is determined by a central pattern generator (Horowitz, G. P. et al 1977;Boughter, J. D., Jr. et al 2007b;Shires, C. B. et al 2011). B6 mice possess a slower primary lick rate, as reflected by an average MPI around 120 ms, whereas D2 are faster lickers, with an average MPI of about 95 ms (Boughter, J. D., Jr. et al 2007b).…”

Section: Lick Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another measure we examined in our study was the intra-burst lick rate, defined as the average ILI < 1 s. It is important to distinguish this measure from the primary lick rate (MPI -mean primary interval), which is defined as the mean ILI between 60 and 160 ms (Boughter, J. D., Jr. et al 2007b). MPI is genetically determined among strains of mice, is thought to reflect a "hard-wired" output of an intrinsic pattern generator, and has been shown to be impervious to sensory or environmental manipulation (Horowitz, G. P. et al 1977;Boughter, J. D., Jr. et al 2007b;Shires, C. B. et al 2011). On the other hand, the intra-burst lick rate includes longer duration ILIs, and is affected by gastric feedback.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Behavioral and Anatomical Analysis of Conditioned Taste Aversion in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice

Glatt¹

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Genetic and environmental variability in lick rates of mice

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Time-course and characterization of orolingual motor deficits in B6SJL-Tg(SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J mice

Time-course and characterization of orolingual motor deficits in B6SJL-Tg(SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J mice

Genetic control of oromotor phenotypes: A survey of licking and ingestive behaviors in highly diverse strains of mice

A Behavioral and Anatomical Analysis of Conditioned Taste Aversion in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice

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