“…Genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) has been applied in crops to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of several highly complex quantitative traits (Jighly et al, 2015; Contreras-Soto et al, 2017; Fang et al, 2017;Oyiga et al, 2018Oyiga et al, , 2019Ogbonnaya et al, 2017;Thoen et al, 2017). Decades of research have led to the uncovering of genes involved in root growth and development, such as Deeper Rooting 1 (Uga et al, 2013;Arai-Sanoh et al, 2014), Retarded Root Growth (Zhou et al, 2011), Roothairless5 (Nestler et al, 2014), Root Systems Architecture 1 (Rosas et al, 2013), and Crown Root-less1 (Coudert et al, 2015).…”