Genetic Basis of Chlorsulfuron, Atrazine, and Mesotrione Resistance in a Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Population

Abstract

A population of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) in Kansas (KSR) was found to have evolved resistance to three commonly used herbicides, i.e., chlorsulfuron, atrazine, and mesotrione. Our previous research confirmed the predominance of metabolic resistance to these herbicides in KSR, although a small percentage of plants also showed target-site alteration conferring resistance. In this research, we investigated the inheritance of resistance to these three herbicides in KSR Palmer amaranth. F1 and F2 progeny were generated by a conventional breeding approach. On the basis of the response of F1 and F2 progeny to three herbicide applications and χ2 analyses, we found that the resistance of KSR Palmer amaranth to chlorsulfuron and atrazine is controlled by single nuclear genes. However, resistance to mesotrione was found to be imparted by multiple nuclear alleles in this population. Single-gene resistance can spread rapidly, while multiple-gene traits are slower to evolve and spread. Regardless, adoption of integrated weed management strategies can minimize the spread of resistance.

Inheritance of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

“…Previously, pollen-mediated intra- and interspecific transfer of TSR and NTSR traits have been documented in Amaranthus sp. 15 , 16 , 23 – 26 . Therefore, there is a potential of inter-and intra-specific transfer of 2,4-D resistance via pollen-mediated gene flow.…”

“…1 , 2 ; Tables 1 , 2 , 3 ) confirmed that 2,4-D resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth is a nuclear trait and transferred to progenies generated from both direct and reciprocal crosses. Most cases of herbicide resistance, including TSR or NTSR, have been reported to be controlled by either completely or incompletely dominant genes 6 , 11 , 26 , 27 . The 2,4-D resistance in wild radish was found to be incompletely dominant 6 .…”

“…Sauer. ), Palmer amaranth, and sorghum 7 , 20 , 26 , 27 , 32 . Polygenic inheritance was reported for mesotrione resistance in common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth 7 , 26 , 27 , 32 .…”

“…), Palmer amaranth, and sorghum 7 , 20 , 26 , 27 , 32 . Polygenic inheritance was reported for mesotrione resistance in common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth 7 , 26 , 27 , 32 . Similar to our findings, MCPA resistance in hemp-nettle was found to be polygenic 13 .…”

Metabolic Exploration for Cyhalofop-Butyl Antagonism in Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] Following Pretreatment of Malathion

“…Malathion has been used to verify metabolism-based resistance of herbicides, such as bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, 2,4-D, chlorsulfuron, imazethapyr, penoxsulam, quinclorac, tembotrione, and topramezone, in weed species including Agrostis stolonifera L., Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koso-Pol, Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Papaver rhoeas L., and Sagittaria trifolia L. ,− Meanwhile, it is known that NBD-Cl is effective to reverse resistance of various weeds to atrazine, flufenacet, fomesafen, S -metolachlor, penoxsulam, and quizalofop- p -ethyl. − However, there has been little research to profile metabolites that can be affected by such detoxification enzymes.…”