Genetic Basis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Hui, Pei

doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-394-3_3

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Syncytiotrophoblasts are mature, they produce most placental hormones, and they are the barrier. They are also the carrier from the maternal blood, while cytotrophoblasts are primitive stem cells that give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts 2,15. Previous studies have suggested that autophagy may be a required mechanism during normal trophoblast syncytialization 15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydatidiform moles (HM) belong to the gestational trophoblastic disease group and show variable incidence, ranging from 0.2 to 9.9 per 1000 pregnancies, depending on reports from different countries 1. They are proliferations of villous trophoblasts and are classified into complete or partial moles 2. The former is characterized by villous hydrops (usually without any fetal tissues), the absence of p57 expression in cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells and, in most cases, a diploid paternal-only genome 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Presence of the Autophagic Markers LC3B and Sequestosome 1/p62 in the Hydatidiform Mole

Karpathiou

Dridi

Papoudou‐Bai

et al. 2022

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology

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Autophagy is implicated in normal pregnancy and various pathologic pregnancy conditions. Its presence in hydatidiform moles (HM) is unknown. We immunohistochemically studied 36 HM for LC3B and p62 to precisely determine their expression in the decidua, endometrium, and villi. Nineteen nonmolar pregnancies were also studied. LC3B was found in almost half of the villi and p62 was found in almost all villi. LC3B expression was significantly higher in complete HM than in partial HM. LC3B showed different expression patterns in trophoblast layers. LC3B and p62 expression was higher in molar than nonmolar pregnancies. Autophagic markers are present in HM and their expression differs between complete and partial moles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Presence of the Autophagic Markers LC3B and Sequestosome 1/p62 in the Hydatidiform Mole

Karpathiou

Dridi

Papoudou‐Bai

et al. 2022

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology

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“…The villous and extravillous trophoblast population surrounding the chorionic vesicle may also contribute as a potential diagnostic pitfall. Circumferential villous trophoblast hyperplasia is a hallmark of well-developed complete moles 17. The normal trophoblast population of the primary and secondary villi of the chorionic vesicle may be misinterpreted as trophoblast hyperplasia of a mole since it may be present in multiple layers, producing solid, stratified and lace-like patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional features of AVM of molar pregnancy were evaluated, including classic features of complete mole (exuberant circumferential trophoblast proliferation, cisterns, or atypia of villous, extravillous or implantation site trophoblast, defined as variably increased nuclear size, irregular nuclear contours and folds, and hyperchromasia), very early complete mole (irregular bulbous cauliflower-like villous contours, blue-gray villous mesenchymal extracellular matrix, villous mesenchymal stromal karyorrhexis) and partial mole (irregular, scalloped villous contours, trophoblast invaginations and inclusions, and syncytial sprouting). 5,6,17 Immunohistochemistry for p57 (1:1500 dilution; Neomarkers) using a Leica Bond III Autostainer was performed on all cases for which sufficient tissue remained in the block. p57 nuclear staining in extravillous trophoblast and decidual stromal cells served as the on slide internal positive control for p57.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact Chorionic Vesicle in Very Early Products of Conception Specimens

Kayraklioglu

Gasper

Cho

et al. 2022

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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Among the morphologic mimics of hydatidiform moles, the chorionic vesicle of early first-trimester pregnancy has received scant attention. The chorionic vesicle is the stage of the implanted blastocyst in which the cytotrophoblastic shell is circumferentially lined by primary and secondary villi and envelops the notochord stage embryo, yolk sac, and amniotic sac, ∼5 to 6 weeks since the last menstrual period. Miscarriage specimens at this early gestational age that contain an intact chorionic vesicle may be misinterpreted as a complete hydatidiform mole because of its large size, cistern-like cavity, and circumferentially radiating villi and trophoblast, particularly so when embryonic tissue is absent. We present the clinicopathologic features of 26 products of conception specimens containing a chorionic vesicle, some of which were submitted for consultation as a possible complete mole. The median gestational age was 6 weeks. The majority were free-floating in the specimen, unattached to endometrium. The median diameter was 6.3 mm and ranged up to 11.3 mm. The embryo was absent in 81% of cases, leaving an empty cavity resembling the cistern of a complete mole in all but 2 cases. Most cases exhibited circumferential villi and variable degrees of proliferating polarized villous trophoblast and extravillous trophoblast but trophoblast atypia was absent. Villous stromal karyorrhexis and blue-gray myxoid extracellular stromal matrix were observed in the majority of cases. A minority exhibited focal abnormal villous morphology concerning for early molar pregnancy, including irregular projections (27%), invaginations (12%), or bulbous shapes (4%) of the villous contours and trophoblast pseudoinclusions (15%). In contrast, orderly hierarchical branching of the secondary villi occurred in 31%. p57 immunoexpression was intact in all 25 cases tested. Short tandem From the

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“…During the growth of the human placenta, the fusion of differentiated cytotrophoblast forms the syncytiotrophoblast that completely envelops the developing placenta 10. This outmost layer of syncytium forms an effective barrier that governs the gas exchange and the transfer of nutrients or drugs 11. The ex vivo methods to investigate the function of the syncytiotrophoblast include culture of placental explants or the use of placental lobe perfusion systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of various transporters in the placental uptake of ofloxacin in an in vitro model of human villous trophoblasts

Polachek

Debotton

Feinshtein

et al. 2018

DDDT

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IntroductionSix years after the US Food and Drug Administration approval of the broad-spectrum antibiotic ofloxacin (OFLX), the chiral switching of this racemic mixture resulted in a drug composed of the L-optical isomer levofloxacin (LVFX). Since both fluoroquinolones (FQs) were introduced to the pharmaceutical market, they have been widely prescribed by physicians, with careful administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, the role of the influx and efflux placental transporters in the concentrations of these drugs that permeate through human placental barrier model was investigated in this study.MethodsThe contribution of major carriers on the transplacental flux of OFLX and LVFX uptake into choriocarcinoma BeWo cells was evaluated in the presence vs absence of well-known inhibitors.ResultsOur results reveal that neither the influx transporters such as organic cation transporters, organic anion transporters, and monocarboxylate transporters nor the efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein or breast cancer resistance protein significantly affected the transport of OFLX. In contrast, multiple transporters revealed pronounced involvement in the transfer of the levorotatory enantiomer in and out of the in vitro placental barrier. These data suggest a non-carrier-mediated mechanism of transport of the racemic mixture, while LVFX is subjected to major influx and efflux passage through the placental brush border membranes.ConclusionThis study provides underlying insights to elucidate the governing factors that influence the flux of these FQs through organ barriers, in view of the controversial safety profile of these drugs in pregnant population.

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Genetic Basis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 110 publications

The Presence of the Autophagic Markers LC3B and Sequestosome 1/p62 in the Hydatidiform Mole

The Presence of the Autophagic Markers LC3B and Sequestosome 1/p62 in the Hydatidiform Mole

Intact Chorionic Vesicle in Very Early Products of Conception Specimens

The role of various transporters in the placental uptake of ofloxacin in an in vitro model of human villous trophoblasts

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