Genetic basis of hypertension for the development of tailored medicine

Katsuya, Tomohiro; Morishita, Ryuichi; Rakugi, Hiromi; Ogihrara, Toshio

doi:10.1038/hr.2009.87

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…2 Thus, over the last decade, many genetic studies have aimed to clarify the causal genes of hypertension, as reviewed previously. 3 Genetic research on hypertension started using the candidate gene approach by investigating renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related genes. [4][5][6] Recently, several large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for hypertension [7][8][9] were performed, and B50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as possible causal genes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenomic approaches to study the effects of antihypertensive drugs

2012

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Pharmacogenomic studies aim to clarify the role of various genes and their variations in relation to the effects of antihypertensive drugs to establish a personalized pharmacotherapeutic treatment based on a patient's genetic background. Until recently, there have been numerous pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic studies on antihypertensive drugs using candidate genes, but only a few genome-wide approaches have been completed. In this review article, we discuss current trends and future directions of pharmacogenomic studies on antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension Research (2012) 35, 796-799; doi:10.1038/hr.2012; published online 28 June 2012 Keywords: antihypertensive drugs; candidate genes; GWAS; pharmacogenomics; tailored medicine INTRODUCTION Hypertension is the most common risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and its morbidity is greater than 50% in subjects aged 65 years and older in Japan and most Western countries. In Japan, the number of patients with hypertension is estimated to be greater than 40 million. 1 Hypertension is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors are closely related. Specifically, genetic factors can influence blood pressure elevation by 30-50%. 2 Thus, over the last decade, many genetic studies have aimed to clarify the causal genes of hypertension, as reviewed previously. 3 Genetic research on hypertension started using the candidate gene approach by investigating renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related genes. [4][5][6] Recently, several large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for hypertension 7-9 were performed, and B50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as possible causal genes.The goal of genetic studies on hypertension is mainly to clarify the causal genes of hypertension and the mechanisms of blood pressure elevation. Consequently, these approaches may lead to the production of novel antihypertensive drugs. Another important aim is to establish personalized pharmacotherapy based on genetic information. These were the two main aims of the Japanese Millennium Project for Hypertension. 10 As mentioned, the first aim may be reasonably addressed by large-scale GWAS, but the second aim has not yet been examined in the field of hypertension research.Recent studies indicate that the heterogeneity of patients' responses to antihypertensive treatment is, at least in part, genetically determined. 11 This finding underscores the role of pharmacogenetic/ pharmacogenomic research in identifying either functional genetic variations or those variations inherited by linkage disequili-

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenomic approaches to study the effects of antihypertensive drugs

2012

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“…Hunt and associates suggested that preventatively reducing salt is the ideal intervention for people with high salt sensitivity. Therefore, salt reduction is likely the most effective approach for the prevention of hypertension in Japanese persons who are genetically sensitive to dietary salt …”

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Effect of Genetic Information Regarding Salt‐Sensitive Hypertension on the Intent to Maintain a Reduced Salt Diet: Implications for Health Communication in Japan

Miyamoto

Iwakuma

Nakayama

2016

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The authors investigated the relationship between the awareness of dietary salt and genetics and the intent to maintain a low‐salt diet. In particular, they assessed whether hypothetical genetic information regarding salt‐sensitive hypertension motivates the intent to reduce dietary salt for communicating the health benefits of lower salt consumption to citizens. A self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted with 2500 randomly sampled residents aged 30 to 69 years living in Nagahama, Japan. Genetic information regarding higher salt sensitivity increased motivation to reduce salt intake for both those who agreed that genes cause hypertension and those who did not. Less than 50% of those who agreed that genes cause hypertension lost their intention to lower their salt consumption when they found they did not possess the susceptibility gene. Communicating genetic information positively affected motivation to reduce salt intake. The present study clarifies the difficulty in changing the behavioral intent of those who have significantly less incentive to reduce salt intake. Therefore, a multidimensional approach is crucial to reduce salt consumption.

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