Genetic characterization of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> in camels, cattle and sheep from the south-east of Iran indicates the presence of the G3 genotype

Hajialilo, Elham; Harandi, Majid Fasihi; Sharbatkhori, Mitra; Mirhendi, Hossein; Rostami, Sima

doi:10.1017/s0022149x11000320

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have indicated the presence of the G6 genotype in different hosts such as sheep, goats, cattle, camels, and humans in Iran. 28,29,32,40,56 However, the high prevalence of the G6 genotype in this study is not in accordance with previous human CE studies in Iran (Table 1), because most of these studies indicated the G1 genotype as the only genotype found in humans. However, the sample sizes used within some of the previously mentioned studies were very low.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Later, this genotype was reported by other researchers to be hosted in buffalo, sheep, cattle, and camels from different parts of the country. 29,35 In a recent study in (7) 6 (85.7) − − 1 (14.3) Total (125) 68 ( IREG1 32 G1 KF443137 IREG12 1 G3 KF443148 IREG2 14 G6 KF443138 IREG13 1 G3 KF443149 IREG3 8 G6 KF443139 IREG14 1 G2 KF443150 IREG4 4 G6 KF443140 IREG15 1 G1 KF443151 IREG5 4 G1 KF443141 IREG16 1 G1 KF443152 IREG6 3 G3 KF443142 IREG17 1 G1 KF443153 IREG7 2 G1 KF443143 IREG18 1 G1 KF443154 IREG8 2 G6 KF443144 IREG19 1 G1 KF443155 IREG9 2 G1 KF443145 IREG20 1 G1 KF443156 IREG10 2 G6 KF443146 IREG21-IREG41 21 G1 KF443157-KF443177 IREG11 1 G1 KF443147 IREG42-IREG62 21 G6 KF443178-KF443198 CE = cystic echinococcosis; CO1 = cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,26 Several molecular epidemiological studies have been performed on E. granulosus isolates in Iran using sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Overall, four different genotypes of E. granulosus (genotype G1, G3, and G6) have been reported from different livestock [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and dogs (genotype G1, G2, and G3) 37 from Iran. To date, only a few human isolates of E. granulosus have been genetically characterized in Iran that indicated G1, G3, and G6 genotypes ( Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a Large Number of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Iran

Rostami¹,

Torbaghan²,

Dabiri³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, presents an important medical and veterinary problem globally, including that in Iran. Different genotypes of E. granulosus have been reported from human isolates worldwide. This study identifies the genotype of the parasite responsible for human hydatidosis in three provinces of Iran using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. In this study, 200 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from human CE cases were collected from Alborz, Tehran, and Kerman provinces. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene were performed for genetic characterization of the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates from this study and reference sequences of different genotypes was done using a maximum likelihood method. In total, 54.4%, 0.8%, 1%, and 40.8% of the samples were identified as the G1, G2, G3, and G6 genotypes, respectively. The findings of the current study confirm the G1 genotype (sheep strain) to be the most prevalent genotype involved in human CE cases in Iran and indicates the high prevalence of the G6 genotype with a high infectivity for humans. Furthermore, this study illustrates the first documented human CE case in Iran infected with the G2 genotype.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a Large Number of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Iran

Rostami¹,

Torbaghan²,

Dabiri³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Several studies have attempted to genotype hydatid cysts in human, sheep, goat, cattle, buffalo, and camel populations in Iran on the basis of mitochondrial (cox1 and nad1) and nucleus markers, using RAPD-PCR, PCR-RFLP and sequencing strategies (19,20,22,28,30,36,37). However, none of them could provide remarkable applications in mixed genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Mixed Infections of Echinococcus Species Based on in Silico Sequence Analysis: A New Way of Reflecting Overlapped Strains in Indigenous Areas

Karimi

Ghasemikhah²,

Spotin

et al. 2017

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Objectives: Hydatidosis, as a cyclo-zoonotic indigenous disease, is marked by various strains and multiple infections around the world where different overlapping cycles of Echinococcus spp. are explicitly circulating among intermediate and definitive hosts. One of the current challenges in Echinococcus taxonomy is associated with the imprecise identification of dual infections in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to genotype Echinococcus strains, particularly those ignored during mixed infections, by employing phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the accurate status of the parasite in endemic areas. Methods: 60 isolates were collected from the liver and lungs of twenty humans, fifteen sheep, fifteen goat, and ten cattle during 2012 -14 in Central Iran. Subsequently, the extraction of DNA was performed, followed by amplification and identification of the DNA through both PCR for internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-rDNA) of ribosomal DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using two endonuclease enzymes: Rsa1 and HpaII. Then, the isolates were directly sequenced in order to accomplish the definite identification of strains/haplotypes. In addition, the mixed infections were analyzed by mixed sequences reader (MSA). Results: The RFLP, phylogenetic analyses of ITS1-rDNA sequences and MSA finding based on analyzed chromatograms strongly revealed the sheep strain (n = 58) and two mixed infection G1 and G6 genotypes (n = 2). The five specific haplotypes that represent moderate diversity indices were identified. The haplotype diversity was estimated to be 0.522, with a nucleotide diversity of 0.02. Conclusions: The G1 was reported to be the dominant strain in the central regions of Iran; however, the first dual discrimination of G1 and G6 genotypes in these regions showed that a sheep-camel/dog life cycle is circulating in central Iran. The current findings can facilitate the parasite taxonomic classification based on in silico analysis particularly about those that are neglected in dual infections. Additional studies are highly needed with a greater sample size and in various regions of Iran.

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“…could interact. These questions have subsequently been resolved with the advent of reliable, robust and reproducible molecular tools which have not only supported the early taxonomy, but also demonstrated the distinctness of transmission cycles and the potential for interaction, particularly with respect to zoonotic transmission [95,103,106]. Importantly, these molecular epidemiological studies have given confidence to the morphological characters used for species discrimination which now offer a simple, cost effective means of parasite identification in endemic foci where the application of molecular tools may not be practical or cost-effective [107,108].…”

Section: Echinococcus Giardia and Cryptosporidiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of parasite infections: Tools and applications

Lymbery

Thompson

2012

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Molecular epidemiology, broadly defined, is the application of molecular genetic techniques to the dynamics of disease in a population. In this review, we briefly describe molecular and analytical tools available for molecular epidemiological studies and then provide an overview of how they can be applied to better understand parasitic disease. A range of new molecular tools have been developed in recent years, allowing for the direct examination of parasites from clinical or environmental samples, and providing access to relatively cheap, rapid, high throughput molecular assays. At the same time, new analytical approaches, in particular those derived from coalescent theory, have been developed to provide more robust estimates of evolutionary processes and demographic parameters from multilocus, genotypic data. To date, the primary application of molecular epidemiology has been to provide specific and sensitive identification of parasites and to resolve taxonomic issues, particularly at the species level and below. Population genetic studies have also been used to determine the extent of genetic diversity among populations of parasites and the degree to which this diversity is associated with different host cycles or epidemiologically important phenotypes. Many of these studies have also shed new light on transmission cycles of parasites, particularly the extent to which zoonotic transmission occurs, and on the prevalence and importance of mixed infections with different parasite species or intraspecific variants (polyparasitism). A major challenge, and one which is now being addressed by an increasing number of studies, is to find and utilise genetic markers for complex traits of epidemiological significance, such as drug resistance, zoonotic potential and virulence.

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Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in camels, cattle and sheep from the south-east of Iran indicates the presence of the G3 genotype

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a Large Number of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Iran

Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from a Large Number of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Iran

Discrimination of Mixed Infections of Echinococcus Species Based on in Silico Sequence Analysis: A New Way of Reflecting Overlapped Strains in Indigenous Areas

The molecular epidemiology of parasite infections: Tools and applications

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