Genetic Characterization of Microsporum canis Clinical Isolates in the United States

Moskaluk, Alex; Darlington, Lauren; Kuhn, Sally; Behzadi, Elisa; Gagne, Roderick B.; Kozakiewicz, Christopher P.; VandeWoude, Sue

doi:10.3390/jof8070676

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Clinical samples were collected from domestic cats with suspected dermatophytosis in shelters or private practices as described by Moskaluk et al [25]. All protocols were approved by Colorado State University (CSU) clinical review board (VCS #2019-223) and biosafety committee (#145399) and were granted an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) waiver before initiation of this study.…”

Section: Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All protocols were approved by Colorado State University (CSU) clinical review board (VCS #2019-223) and biosafety committee (#145399) and were granted an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) waiver before initiation of this study. Hair samples were collected from cats with suspected dermatophytosis via Mackenzie brushing method using a toothbrush [25,26].…”

Section: Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subtilisin 3 production from Microsporum canis is independent of keratin substrate availability

2023

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Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. We investigated a critical adhesion protein, subtilisin 3, utilized by Microsporum canis during initial stages of infection, analyzing its production and expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, as this protein must be expressed and produced for dermatophyte infections to occur, we developed and optimized a diagnostic antibody assay targeting this protein. Subtilisin 3 levels were increased in culture when grown in baffled flasks and supplemented with either l‐cysteine or cat hair. As subtilisin 3 was also produced in cultures not supplemented with keratin or cysteine, this study demonstrated that subtilisin 3 production is not reliant on the presence of keratin or its derivatives. These findings could help direct future metabolic studies of dermatophytes, particularly during the adherence phase of infections.

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Section: Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtilisin 3 production from Microsporum canis is independent of keratin substrate availability

2023

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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum Dermatophyte Biofilms in Response to Photodynamic Therapy

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Mycopathologia

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Dermatophyte bio lms frequently count for inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatment, resulting in refractory chronic onychomycosis infection. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been clinically found capable of exerting signi cant antifungal effects or even eradicating dermatophyte bio lms, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanism underlying aPDT and the signaling network dysregulation potentially antagonizing photodynamic action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlining aPDT combating dermatophyte bio lm implicated in recalcitrant onychomycosis and decipher the potential aPDT-elicited detoxi cation process to facilitate the development of more effective photodynamic intervention. We applied genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate how aPDT disrupting onychomycosis bio lm formed by three distinct dermatophytes, including T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes and M.gypseum, the most frequently occurring pathogenic species. In total, 352.13Gb of clean data was obtained for the transcriptomes of dermatophyte bio lms with or without aPDT treatment, resulting in 2422.42 million reads with GC content of 51.84%, covering 99.9%, 98.5% and 99.4% of annotated genes of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum, respectively. The genome-wide orthologous analysis identi ed 6624 transcribed single-copy orthologous genes in all three species, and 36.5%, 6.8% and 17.9% of which were differentially expressed following the aPDT application. Integrative orthology analysis demonstrated up-regulating oxidoreductase activities are highly conserved detoxi cation signaling alteration in response to aPDT across all investigated dermatophyte bio lms. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underneath anti-dermatophyte bio lm effects of aPDT and successfully identi ed conserved detoxi cation regulation upon the aPDT application.

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Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of a Powerful Tool with Extensive Future Potential

Spruijtenburg,

Meis,

Verweij

et al. 2024

Mycopathologia

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Fungal infections pose an increasing threat to public health. New pathogens and changing epidemiology are a pronounced risk for nosocomial outbreaks. To investigate clonal transmission between patients and trace the source, genotyping is required. In the last decades, various typing assays have been developed and applied to different medically important fungal species. While these different typing methods will be briefly discussed, this review will focus on the development and application of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping. This method relies on the amplification and comparison of highly variable STR markers between isolates. For most common fungal pathogens, STR schemes were developed and compared to other methods, like multilocus sequence typing (MLST), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The pros and cons of STR typing as compared to the other methods are discussed, as well as the requirements for the development of a solid STR typing assay. The resolution of STR typing, in general, is higher than MLST and AFLP, with WGS SNP analysis being the gold standard when it comes to resolution. Although most modern laboratories are capable to perform STR typing, little progress has been made to standardize typing schemes. Allelic ladders, as developed for Aspergillus fumigatus, facilitate the comparison of STR results between laboratories and develop global typing databases. Overall, STR genotyping is an extremely powerful tool, often complimentary to whole genome sequencing. Crucial details for STR assay development, its applications and merit are discussed in this review.

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Genetic Characterization of Microsporum canis Clinical Isolates in the United States

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Subtilisin 3 production from Microsporum canis is independent of keratin substrate availability

Subtilisin 3 production from Microsporum canis is independent of keratin substrate availability

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum Dermatophyte Biofilms in Response to Photodynamic Therapy

Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of a Powerful Tool with Extensive Future Potential

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